黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区沙地枯落物的水源涵养功能  

Water Conservation Capacity of Litters on Sandy Land in Wind-Water Erosion Crisscross Region of Loess Plateau

作　　者：王盛琦 傅文慧 寇建村[1] 白玛嘎翁 乔千洛 杨文权[2] Wang Shengqi;Fu Wenhui;Kou Jiancun;Baima Gaweng;Qiao Qianluo;Yang Wenquan(College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Life Sciences,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2021年第5期30-37,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“黄土高原水热季节耦合对苹果园白三叶降解形成土壤有机质的影响机理”(31302027)。

摘　　要：[目的]明确黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区枯落物对沙地水文效应的影响,为该地区退耕还林后生态水文效益的评估提供理论依据。[方法]以小叶杨(Populus simonii)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)和白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)枯落物覆盖样地为研究对象,并以裸沙地作为对照,利用熵权法探究枯落物覆盖对沙地水源涵养功能的影响。[结果](1)枯落物最大持水率、最大拦蓄率、有效拦蓄率和最大吸湿比均表现为:白羊草>小叶杨>柠条,但枯落物持水量和拦蓄量则表现为:小叶杨>柠条>白羊草。(2)枯落物覆盖降低了土壤容重,提高了总孔隙度、饱和持水量、毛管持水量和平均入渗速率。(3)水源涵养功能综合评价值表现为:柠条枯落物覆盖样地(0.889)>小叶杨枯落物覆盖样地(0.484)>白羊草枯落物覆盖样地(0.228)>裸沙地(0.038)。(4)稳渗速率、土壤有效持水量和土壤非毛管孔隙度的水源涵养功能权重比例最高,分别为15.3%,14.8%和14.8%。[结论]枯落物有效地改善了沙地水文效应,在优化水源涵养功能的条件下,建议适宜种植灌木,可搭配种植乔木和草本植物。[Objective]The influence of litters on the hydrological effect of sandy land in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau was explored in order to provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of eco-hydrological benefits after the implementation of the‘Grain for Green’project in this area.[Methods]Litter-covered sites of Populus simonii,Caragana korshinskii,and Bothriochloa ischaemum were selected as the research objects,and bare sandy land was taken as the control in order to reveal the effects of litter cover on water conservation capacity in sandy land by using the entropy weight method.[Results]①The maximum water holding rate,maximum retention rate,effective retention rate and maximum hygroscopicity rate of litter followed the order of B.ischaemum>P.simonii>C.korshinskii.The water holding capacity and retention capacity of litters followed the order of P.simonii>C.korshinskii>B.ischaemum.②Litter cover reduced the soil bulk density,but increased total porosity,saturated water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity,and mean infiltration rate.③The comprehensive evaluation value of water conservation capacity followed the order of litter-covered sites of C.korshinskii(0.889)>litter-covered sites of P.simonii(0.484)>litter-covered sites of B.ischaemum(0.228)>bare sandy lands(0.038).④Stable infiltration rate,soil effective water holding capacity,and soil non-capillary porosity accounted for the highest water conservation function weights,which accounted for 15.3%,14.8%,and 14.8%,respectively.[Conclusion]Litters effectively improve the hydrology of sandy land.The results of this study suggest that shrubs be planted to optimize water conservation capacity,and that trees and herbs can be planted together.

关 键 词：枯落物 水文效应 熵权法 涵养水源 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学] S152.71