合于使用评价在超高压容器设计中的应用  

APPLICATION OF FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE ASSESSMENT IN THE DESIGN OF ULTRA-HIGH PRESSURE VESSELS

作　　者：元少昀 陈超 Yuan Shaoyun;Chen Chao(SINOPEC Engineering Incorporation,Beijing,100101;SINOPEC Shanghai Engineering Company Limited,Shanghai,200120)

机构地区：[1]中国石化工程建设有限公司,北京100101 [2]中石化上海工程有限公司,上海200120

出　　处：《石油化工设备技术》2021年第6期1-4,I0001,共5页Petrochemical Equipment Technology

摘　　要：合于使用评价方法通常用于含缺陷的在役压力容器剩余强度或剩余寿命的评估;超高压容器由于壳体中的应力水平很高,且材料塑性储备相对较差,内壁任何微小的缺陷或人为损伤,都是疲劳破坏的隐患,故疲劳破坏是超高压容器设计必须要考虑的失效模式之一。如超高压容器不能以未爆先漏的模式失效,则应按断裂力学的方法计算设计循环次数,因此,需要在设计阶段引入合于使用评价方法确定允许的裂纹深度。API 579的合于使用评价方法已成为含裂纹在用压力容器评价中使用最广泛的一种方法,对超高压容器的裂纹缺陷可进行2级评价,共包括12个步骤,最后根据失效评定图(FAD)可以确定给定的裂纹和操作工况是否可以接受。Fitness-for-service(FFS)assessment is usually used to evaluate the residual strength or residual life of in-service pressure vessels with defects;for ultra-high pressure vessels,due to the high stress level in the shell and the relatively poor plasticity reservation of the material,any small defects or artificial damages on the inner wall are hidden dangers for fatigue failure.Hence fatigue failure is one of the failure modes that must be taken into consideration in the design of ultra-high pressure vessels.If the ultra-high pressure vessels cannot fail in the mode of leakage before burst,the number of design cycles should be calculated according to the method of fracture mechanics.Therefore,the FFS assessment method should be introduced in the design stage to determine the allowable final crack depth.The FFS assessment method of API 579 has become one of the most widely used methods in the evaluation of pressure vessels with crack-like flaws.The crack-like flaws of ultra-high pressure vessels can be evaluated with level 2,including 12 steps.Finally,based on the failure assessment diagram(FAD),it can be determined whether or not a given crack and operating conditions are acceptable.

关 键 词：合于使用评价 裂纹类缺陷 超高压容器 设计 疲劳分析 

分 类 号：TH49[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]