禾花鲤摄食选择与仔稚鱼消化器官发育的研究  

Feeding Selection and Development of Digestive Organs in Rice Flower Carp Cyprinus carpio Larvae and Juveniles

作　　者：刘婷 黄凯[1] 林勇 罗雨萧 蒋士宋 梁艺馨 庞琳星 莫翠琴 LIU Ting;HUANG Kai;LIN Yong;LUO Yuxiao;JIANG Shisong;LIANG Yixin;PANG Linxing;MO Cuiqin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Guangxi Academy of Fishry Sciences,Nanning 530021,China;Quanzhou County Institute of Scientific and Technological Information,Guilin 541500,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学动物科学技术学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西水产科学研究院,广西南宁530021 [3]全州县科学技术情报研究所,广西桂林541500

出　　处：《水产科学》2021年第6期826-834,共9页Fisheries Science

基　　金：广西重点研发计划(桂科AB18294011);广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目(桂科AA17204094-5).

摘　　要：为开发禾花鲤仔稚鱼适宜的开口饵料,采用组织切片技术对仔稚鱼消化器官组织结构进行观察,并测定消化酶活性变化,研究摄食选择。观察结果显示,3d仔鱼开口摄食,开口前具有消化酶活性;5d出现齿囊,咀嚼功能加强;6d肠道出现纹状缘,标志着肠道功能的开始;8d碱性磷酸酶活性上升,肠道发育较好,肝胰脏逐渐发育完善,脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性随后增强;10d观察到仔鱼长出鳞片,标志仔鱼向稚鱼转变;12d后肠道出现核上内容物和空泡,预示蛋白消化功能基本完善,酸性蛋白酶活性增加;30d消化器官的形态和功能已接近成鱼;14d前主要以小型藻类和轮虫为食,14d后对浮游动物摄食量增加。试验结果表明,仔稚鱼的摄食选择与消化器官发育、消化酶活性有关;仔鱼开口后消化酶活性受到消化器官发育的影响;3~14d应投喂的饲料粒径为50~170μm,转变期10~14d可适量增加脂肪的占比;14~30d禾花鲤食性属杂食偏动物型,需投喂营养均衡的配合饲料(蛋白和脂肪)并混合浮游动物,饲料适宜粒径为170~350μm。In this study,the histological structure of digestive system development of the larval and juvenile of rice flower carp Cyprinus carpio was observed by histological technique,and the changes in feeding selection and digestive enzyme activities were measured to explore the suitable weaning food for the larvae and juveniles of rice flower carp.The results showed that the larvae began to feed at 3 days old,and digestive enzyme activities were observed before feeding.At 5 days of age,the dental sac appeared,and chewing and digestive functions were enhanced;at 6 days of age,the striated border appeared in the digestive tract,which indicated the beginning of intestinal function of the larvae.At 8 days of age,the alkaline phosphatase activity was increased significantly,indicating that the intestine had developed well.And at this point,the hepatopancreas began to develop fully,lipase and amylase activities subsequently increased.At 10 days of age,the scales of larvae were observed for the first time,indicating that the larvae were transformed into juveniles.After 12 days of age,the nuclear contents and vacuoles appeared in the intestine,indicating that the intestinal protein digestion function was basically improved,and the activity of acid protease was increased.At 30 days of age,the morphology and function of digestive organ were close to that of adult fish.Before 14 days of age,it was speculated that small algae and rotifers were the main food sources;and after 14 days of age,the food intake of zooplankton increased significantly.The findings indicated that the feeding of the larvae and juveniles of rice flower carp were related to digestive organ development and digestive enzyme activity.The change in digestive enzyme activity after initial feeding was affected by the development of digestive organs.It was suggested that the particle size of the food be 50-170μm in 3 to 14 days of age,and that the proportion of fat be increased in 10 to 14 days of age.At 14 to 30 days of age,the feeding habit of rice flower carp wa

关 键 词：禾花鲤 仔稚鱼 生长 摄食选择 消化器官 消化酶 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]