1龄性早熟中华绒螯蟹早熟性状遗传能力的研究  

Genetic Ability of Precocious Characters of One-Year Old Sexual Precocity of Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis

作　　者：郑岩 梁芳 耿丹 李杨 刘胥 ZHENG Yan;LIANG Fang;GENG Dan;LI Yang;LIU Xu(Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Eriocheir sinensis Breeding,Panjin Guanghe Crab Industry Co.,Ltd.,Panjin 124200,China)

机构地区：[1]盘锦光合蟹业有限公司,辽宁省中华绒螯蟹育种重点实验室,辽宁盘锦124200

出　　处：《水产科学》2021年第6期889-894,共6页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0901702);辽宁省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2019416012).

摘　　要：2016—2018年6月上旬—10月上旬,将早熟中华绒螯蟹、家系内自交繁育养殖3代的1龄性早熟选育蟹和非选育蟹的大眼幼体(即蟹苗)饲养在有效面积40m^(2)的稻田围隔中,比较选育群体及非选育群体的养殖性状。蟹苗的体质量为1.5×10^(5)~1.6×10^(5)只/kg。围隔内按行距30cm、株距20cm栽种水稻,每个围隔投放蟹苗2500只。每个家系养殖3个围隔。试验结果显示,早熟蟹回捕率在1次自交后稍有降低(P>0.05),2次自交后迅速降低(P<0.01);早熟蟹回捕率与扣蟹规格极显著正相关(P<0.01),与扣蟹回捕率、总回捕率极显著负相关(P<0.01)。早熟蟹回捕率F_(1)与同期选育蟹差异极显著(P<0.01),F_(1)较高,与同期非选育蟹差异极显著(P<0.01),非选育蟹较高;F_(2)与同期选育蟹和同期非选育蟹差异极显著(P<0.01),F_(2)较高;F_(3)与同期选育蟹和非选育蟹差异极显著(P<0.01),F_(3)最低,非选育蟹最高。推测遗传是导致1龄性早熟的主要因素,并且近交比较容易清除与1龄性早熟相关的基因。选育是提升中华绒螯蟹种质、降低早熟比例的有效途径。From early June to early October,2016-2018,the megalopa with body weight of 1.5×10^(5)-1.6×10^(5) ind./kg of one-year old precocious Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis,the F_(3),F_(2) and F_(1) of self-bred selective one-year old precocious crab in the family,and non-selective crab(i.e.crab seedlings)were raised in an effective area of 40 m^(2)enclosure in a paddy field with rice planted at a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm at stocking density of 2500 ind.seedlings per enclosure to compare the breeding characteristics of the selective breeding crab and the non-selective Chinese mitten crab.The results showed that the self-bred selective F_(1) had slightly lower recapture rate of precocious crab(P>0.05),and sharply decrease in F_(2)(P<0.01),and the recapture rate of precocious crab was very significant positively correlated with juvenile crab size(P<0.01),and very significant negatively correlated with the recapture rate of juvenile crab and total recapture rate(P<0.01).There was significantly different recapture rate of precocious crab in F_(1) from that in non-selective crab in the same period(P<0.01),higher in F_(1),with very significant different from non breeding crab and non-selective crab(P<0.01),higher in non breeding crab.The very significant difference was observed between F_(2) and the same period breeding crab and non breeding crab(P<0.01),higher in F_(2).There was significant difference in recapture rate of precocious crab between F_(3) and the same period breeding crab and non breeding crab(P<0.01),the minimal in F_(3) and the maximal in the non breeding crab.It is speculated that inheritance is the main factor leading to precocious puberty,and the genes related to precocious puberty are relatively easy to clear through inbreeding.Selective breeding is an effective way to improve the germplasm of Chinese mitten crab and reduce the precocious ratio.

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 性早熟 自交 

分 类 号：S966.16[农业科学—水产养殖]