长蛸繁殖季种群组成及采捕策略初探  

Population Composition and Fishing Strategy of Whiparm Octopus Octopus variabilis in Breeding Season

作　　者：贺加贝 王鹤 孙建晓 蔡明城 付建革 刘永胜 HE Jiabei;WANG He;SUN Jianxiao;CAI Mingcheng;FU Jiange;LIU Yongsheng(Yantai Marine Economic Research Institute,Yantai 264006,China;Ludong University,Yantai 264025,China;Yantai Defeng Precious Seafood Co.,Ltd.,Yantai 264025,China;Changhai Fishery Technology Promotion Station,Dalian 116500,China;Shandong Blue Ocean Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yantai 261413,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台市海洋经济研究院,山东烟台264006 [2]鲁东大学,山东烟台264025 [3]烟台得沣海珍品有限公司,山东烟台264025 [4]长海县水产技术推广站,辽宁大连116500 [5]山东蓝色海洋科技股份有限公司,山东烟台261413

出　　处：《水产科学》2021年第6期929-933,共5页Fisheries Science

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系贝类产业创新团队项目(SDAIT-14-11).

摘　　要：2016年5—6月及2019年4—7月,采用手捕、笼捕、底拖网捕及市场购买等4种方式(每种3批次),从山东烟台市莱州湾、芝罘岛附近自然海域捕获长蛸自然群体8448只,探索繁殖季长蛸种群组成特点及相应的采捕策略。试验结果表明,在同一繁殖季,随时间的推移,同一区域的长蛸可捕群体雌性比例逐渐降低;长蛸群体平均体质量与雌性占比密切相关,雌性占比越高,平均体质量越低;人工手捕和笼捕长蛸成活率比网捕及市场购买等方式高,更适宜采捕人工繁育用亲蛸。笔者认为长蛸繁殖季雌雄性比变化可能由雌性长蛸生殖洄游及护卵特性所致。将雌、雄长蛸体质量差异归结为其种群K-选择策略及精子竞争两方面原因,人工手捕的长蛸完整性好,最适长蛸苗种繁育。通过连续监测,建立长蛸性别组成及平均体质量变化动态数据库,可为长蛸自然种群的修复及保护提供参考依据。The population composition and fishing strategy were explored in 8448 samples of wild whiparm octopus Octopus variabili collected from natural seas near Laizhou Bay and Zhifu Island in Yantai City,Shandong Province,in breeding seasons from May to June 2016 and April to July 2019 by 4 methods(3 batches of each),including hand catching,cage trap,bottom trawl and purchase in market to protect the nature population of whiparm octopus.The results showed that there was lower proportion of female octopus during the breeding season,with negative relationship between average body weight and female proportion in the whiparm octopus population,that is,the higher the proportion of females,the lower the average body weight.The whiparm octopus captured by hands and cage traps had higher survival rate than the whiparm octopus captured by net and purchased from markets,more suitable for catching broodstock octopus for artificial breeding.The female-to-male ratio of whiparm octopus was found to be changed during the breeding season and to be attributed to the reproductive migration and egg-protecting characteristics of female whiparm octopus.The difference in body weight between male and female octopus seemed to be attributed to two reasons:K-selected strategy and sperm competition.The whiparm octopus caught by hands had good integrity and was most suitable for breeding.The article looks forward to the possibility of combining economic fishing of octopus with population resource protection,and proposes to establish a dynamic database of changes in sex composition and average body weight of whiparm octopus through continuous monitoring,which provides reference for the restoration and protection of the natural population of whiparm octopus.

关 键 词：长蛸 种群组成 捕捞策略 资源保护 

分 类 号：S931.5[农业科学—渔业资源]