商品有机肥部分替代化肥对稻田杂草发生规律及种植效益的影响  

Effect of Partial Substitution of Commercial Organic Fertilizer for Chemical Fertilizer on Occur⁃rence Regularity of Weeds and Planting Benefit in the Rice Fields

作　　者：翟春花 郭平芳[1] ZHAI Chunhua(Agricultural Service Center of Yangshe Town,Zhangjiagang City,Zhangjiagang 215600,China)

机构地区：[1]张家港市杨舍镇农业服务中心,江苏张家港215600

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2021年第21期98-100,共3页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：2020年在张家港市杨舍镇开展了无机肥、有机无机肥混施对比试验,旨在探明水稻生产上应用商品有机肥部分替代化肥对稻田杂草发生规律及种植效益的影响。结果表明:试验区水稻田发生的杂草有6种,隶属于5科,鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、丁香蓼(Ludwigis prostrata)、千金子(Leptochloa chinensis)、耳叶水苋(Ammannia auriculata)、异型莎草(Cyperus difformis)广泛分布于各试验小区。有机无机肥混施处理对杂草发生规律产生一定的影响,表现在减少稻田内7.28%的杂草发生种类、增加30.22%的杂草发生数量、抑制单子叶杂草36.61%~100%平均株高及53.28%~100%单株鲜重,但不改变鸭舌草的优势杂草地位。尽管减少4.68%的水稻籽粒产量,但平均节本增效3.99%,同时减少71.10%化学肥料投入。因此,应用商品有机肥部分替代化肥既可节本增收,又能减少农业面源污染,值得在水稻生产上大力推广。A comparative experiment of chemical fertilizer treatment and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment was carried out in 2020,in yangshe Town of Zhangjiagang City,in order to explore the effect of using com⁃mercial organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer on the occurrence regularity of weeds and planting benefit in the rice fields.6 species of weeds were found in the rice fields,belonging to 5 families.Monochoria vaginalis、Ludwi⁃gis prostrata、Leptochloa chinensis、Ammannia auriculata、Galium aparine var.tenerum and Cyperus difformis were the main species in all the treatments.Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment had a certain effect on the occur⁃rence of weeds,which reduced the weed species by 7.28%,increased the density of weeds by 30.22%,inhibited the height and fresh weight of monocotyledonous weeds by 36.61%-100%,53.28%-100%.And Monochoria vaginalis was the dominant weed in all the treatments.In organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment,the comprehensive benefit analysis of input and output showed that the economic performance could be increased by 3.99%,although the grain yield of rice was reduced by 4.68%.The chemical fertilizer usage could be reduced by 71.10%as well.Therefore,the application of commercial organic fertilizer can not only save cost and increase income,but also re⁃duce agricultural non-point source pollution,which is worth promoting in the rice production.

关 键 词：商品有机肥部分替代化肥 有机无机肥混施 无机肥施用 杂草 水稻田 

分 类 号：S435[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]