广东甘薯种质资源系统收集与鉴定评价  

Systematic Field Collection and Identification of Sweetpotato Resources in Guangdong

作　　者：姚祝芳 吴柔贤 张雄坚[1] 戴彰言 杨义伶 黄立飞[1] 刘军 房伯平[1] YAO Zhu-fang;WU Rou-xian;ZHANG Xiong-jian;DAI Zhang-yan;YANG Yi-ling;HUANG Li-fei;LIU Jun;FANG Bo-ping(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement/Crops Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640;Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization/Agro-biological Gene Research Center,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640)

机构地区：[1]广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室/广东省农业科学院作物研究所,广州510640 [2]广东省农作物种质资源保存与利用重点实验室/广东省农业科学院农业生物基因研究中心,广州510640

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2021年第6期1498-1508,共11页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1000700,2019YFD1000702);第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动(111821301354052029);作物种质资源保护与利用专项(NWB014);广东省科技项目(2020B121201008);广州市科技计划项目(201909020001);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B020219001)。

摘　　要：甘薯在广东省的栽培历史悠久。广东省的甘薯地方品种资源丰富,分布广泛。对广东甘薯种质资源进行系统收集和鉴定评价具有重要意义。2016-2018年“第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”广东调查队收集到广东57个县(市、区)的甘薯地方品种资源201份。调查发现,广东甘薯地方品种资源集中分布在粤北、粤东和珠三角交接片区,从揭阳揭西县、广州从化区和阳江阳西县收集最多。调查和表型鉴定的结果表明,收集的甘薯地方品种主要以鲜食型的品种为主,富含胡萝卜素的甘薯品种占比42.29%,富含花青素的紫色甘薯资源占比8.96%。鉴定评价获得茎叶生长势强的资源127份,高产资源76份,高干物率资源29份。综合表型性状筛选出石牌红甘茨、一点红、鸡骨香、黄沙高山红薯和石角红薯5份高产、优质和食味优的甘薯地方品种资源。本次行动抢救性收集了一批古老地方甘薯品种、濒危资源。通过本研究对广东甘薯地方品种资源有了系统认识,并且针对甘薯产业的需求,挖掘出一批优异的种质材料。这些优异资源对甘薯品种在产量、品质和食味等性状方面的改良具有较强的利用价值。Sweetpotato has a long history of cultivation in Guangdong.Guangdong have a rich variety of sweetpotato landraces resources and which were widely distributed.It is of great significance to systematic field collection and identification of sweetpotato resources in Guangdong.Under the frame of the Third National Survey and Collection Action on Crop Germplasm Resources,201 sweetpotato landraces were collected from 57 counties in Guangdong province from 2016 to 2018.The investigation found that these sweetpotato landraces were mainly distributed in the junction areas of northern Guangdong,eastern Guangdong and Pearl River Delta,and most of them were found from counties including Jiexi,Conghua and Yangxi.Analysis of the investigation and phenotypic variations showed that,a majority of the landraces were qualified for fresh-edible sweetpotato varieties.Sweetpotato varieties rich in carotene accounted for 42.29%,and purple sweetpotato varieties rich in anthocyanins accounted for 8.96%.Landraces including 127 strong aerial part growth vigor,76 high-yield and 29 high-dry-matter-content sweetpotato landraces have been identified.Especially,five sweetpotato landraces with high yield,good quality,and excellent taste have been clarified,including Shipai hong ganci,Yidianhong,Jiguxiang,Huangsha gaoshan hongshu,and Shijiao hongshu.This action rescued a batch of ancient sweetpotato landraces resources and endangered resources.Through this research,we have a systematic understanding of the sweetpotato landraces in Guangdong.Under the demand of sweetpotato industry,a number of elite landraces have been identified.These elite landraces have strong utilization value for the improvement of sweetpotato varieties in terms of yield,quality and taste.

关 键 词：甘薯地方品种 种质资源 普查与收集 鉴定评价 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]