玉米Suwan和Iodent改良系育种应用探索与分析  

Exploration and Analysis of Performance of Test Crosses of Suwan-Iodent Improved Lines in Maize Breeding

作　　者：郭向阳[1] 吴迅 王安贵[1] 刘鹏飞 涂亮 祝云芳[1] 王良发 陈泽辉[1] GUO Xiang-yang;WU Xun;WANG An-gui;LIU Peng-fei;TU Liang;ZHU Yun-fang;WANG Liang-fa;CHEN Ze-hui(Institute of Upland Food Crops,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006;Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hebi 458020)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院旱粮研究所,贵阳550006 [2]河南省鹤壁市农业科学院,鹤壁458020

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2021年第6期1676-1683,共8页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32060460,31760387);黔科合平台人才[(2018)5629];黔科中引地(20184003);河南省科技攻关(202102110036)。

摘　　要：培育突破性育种新材料是选育优良玉米杂交种的基础与前提。本研究基于包含60000个SNP的MaizeSNP50芯片对包括热带、亚热带玉米种质,温热改良系(SI、PB等)、Reid、Lancaster和塘四平头类群的104份供试材料全基因组扫描,运用R语言程序包GAPIT运算对其群体遗传结构分析;同时,从中选用6份苏艾(Suwan-Iodent群体)改良系QB5721、QB5722、QB5744、QB5725、QB5775和QB5785及其Iodent种质代表系HCL645,热带Suwan种质(QR273、ZHL908)为材料,按NCII设计将Iodent及改良系(7份)与来自不同类群测验种(7份)组配成49个杂交组合,以单穗粒重的配合力效应值评估6份苏艾系的杂种优势。根据MaizeSNP50芯片扫描结果进行遗传结构分析,可将104份供试材料划分为热带种质、塘四平头(TSPT)、Lancaster和Iodent种质4类种质。其中,Iodent类群与其他5类种质的群体间遗传距离均较大,Suwan-Iodent种质改良系与Reid、Lancaster和PB类群杂种优势比较明显。表型结果分析表明,6份苏艾改良系的一般配合力相对效应值(RGCA)为-1.62%~5.67%,49个杂交组合的特殊配合力相对效应值(RSCA)为-2.64%~2.98%。苏艾改良系中QB5725的RGCA为5.67%,高于其4个改良系QB5775(4.39%)、QB5721(2.42%)、QB5722(1.68%)、QB5744(2.29%)和HCL645(2.38%)。这些研究结果有可能为热带玉米种质在我国玉米温带区的应用提供新的研究思路。New materials are the basis and premise of breeding elite maize hybrids.This study was based on the scanning with MaizeSNP50 BeadChip(containing 60000 SNPs)of the whole genome of 104 test materials that included tropical/subtropical germplasms,temperate-tropical lines(SI,PB,etc.),Reid,Lancaster and Tangsipingtou groups,and on the analysis with R language package GAPIT of the population genetic structure.Improved lines QB5721,QB5722,QB5744,QB5725,QB5775,QB5785 from SI(Suwan-Iodent)populations,representative line HCL645 of Iodent germplasm,and tropical Suwan germplasms QR273,ZH908 were chosen as the materials,with Iodent and 6 improved lines paired with 7 test materials from different groups to obtain 49 cross combinations,according to NCII design.Heterosis of the 6 SI lines was evaluated by RGCA(relative effect of general combining ability)of grain weight per spike.Analysis of genetic structure based on MaizeSNP50 BeadChip scanning divided the 104 materials into four types:tropical germplasm,Tangsipingtou(TSPT),Lancaster,and Iodent germplasm.The genetic distance was large between Iodent group and other five types of germplasm,and SI germplasm improved lines were clearly superior to Reid,Lancaster,and PB groups in heterosis.Phenotypic analysis indicated that the range of RGCA of the 6 SI improved lines was between-1.62%and 5.67%,and the range of RSCA(relative effect of specific combining ability)of the 49 cross combinations was between-2.64%and 2.98%.The RGCA of QB5725 was 5.67%,higher than that of QB5775(4.39%),QB5721(2.42%),QB5722(1.68%),QB5744(2.29%)and HCL645(2.38%).These results may provide new research ideas for the creation and application of tropical maize germplasm resources in temperate regions in China.

关 键 词：玉米 Suwan Iodent 产量 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]