超越西方跨境水资源理论纷争:澜湄国家命运共同体理念创新  

Beyond the Western Theoretical Disputes about Transboundary Water Resources:The Concept Innovation of the Lancang-Mekong Community with a Shared Future

作　　者：张艳伟 Zhang Yanwei

机构地区：[1]岭南师范学院马克思主义学院国际问题研究所,湛江524048

出　　处：《亚太安全与海洋研究》2021年第6期108-124,I0004,共18页Asia-Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大专项“推动绿色‘一带一路’建设研究”(编号:18VDL009);国家社会科学基金重大专项“一带一路沿线国家信息数据库”(编号:17VDL001)。

摘　　要：西方主流国际关系理论对跨境水资源问题论断存在缺陷。现实主义将水资源视为国家权力攫取的资源和国际政治博弈的工具,水资源议题被安全化,水资源冲突加剧。自由主义通过制度规范水资源合作和利益,但其制度设计缺陷导致了霸权幻想和生态、水资源危机等。建构主义认为流域社会结构建构了沿岸行为体的观念、身份、利益,强调结构和行为体互动的政治含义,重观念轻物质,轻视主权国家作用,易陷入身份观念对抗。澜湄国家命运共同体理念,坚持共商共建共享新型全球治理观,超越西方理论局限,通过共商避免零和博弈、大国悲剧,通过共建跳出对抗情绪、霸权幻想,通过共享实现合作共赢、命运与共。The western mainstream international relations theory has certain defects in the judgment of transboundary water resources issue.Realism regards water as a resource grabbed by state power and a tool of international political game.Water resources are made safe and water conflicts are intensified.Liberalism regulates water resources cooperation and interests through institutions,but its institutional design defects lead to hegemonic fantasy and ecological and water crisis.Constructivism holds that the social structure of the river basin constructs the concept,identity and interests of the coastal actors,emphasizes the political meaning of the interaction between the structure and the actors,attaches more importance to the concept than the material,ignores the role of the sovereign state,and is prone to fall into the confrontation of identity concepts.The vision of a Lancang-Mekong community with a shared future is based on a new global governance concept featuring extensive consultation,joint contribution and shared benefits.It transcends the limitations of Western theories.It avoids zero-sum game and the tragedy of major powers through extensive consultation,escapes confrontation and hegemony illusion through joint contribution,and achieves win-win cooperation and a shared future through shared benefits.

关 键 词：澜湄国家 命运共同体 水资源 跨境水资源 共商共建共享 现实主义 自由主义 建构主义 

分 类 号：D822[政治法律—政治学]