北极地缘环境解析与中国的应对之策--以“冰上丝绸之路”为例  

Geo-Setting in the Arctic and Countermeasures of China:A Case Study of the"Polar Silk Road"

作　　者：马腾 李永宁 李一杰 李银河 杜德斌[3] 胡志丁 Ma Teng;Li Yongning;Li Yijie;Li Yinhe;Du Debin;Hu Zhiding(Alibaba Business School,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China;School of Economics,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China;Troop 61206 of the PLA,Beijing 100042,China;School of Geography and Ocean Sciences,Yanbian University,Yanbian 133002,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学阿里巴巴商学院,杭州311121 [2]杭州师范大学经济学院,杭州311121 [3]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广州511458 [4]中国人民解放军61206部队,北京100042 [5]延边大学地理与海洋科学学院,延边133002

出　　处：《热带地理》2021年第6期1142-1152,共11页Tropical Geography

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(20&ZD138)。

摘　　要：基于地缘环境的“地理位置—地缘关系—地缘结构”分析框架,对北极地区的地缘环境进行全面解析,并进一步分析“冰上丝绸之路”对北极地区地缘环境的影响。研究发现:1)北极地区地缘环境复杂,地理位置上,北极位于地球最北端,蕴含着丰富的资源,拥有极高的战略价值,是世界主要国家争夺的对象;地缘关系上,涉及到的主体与主题繁多,主要包括北极国家、近北极国家和原住民相互之间的关于领土、经济、能源、权利等多样议题;地缘结构上,北极地区地缘结构经历了“美苏争霸”—“破冰合作”—“新一轮竞赛”3个阶段的演变,当前结构呈现出“中心—次中心—外围”的特征。2)“冰上丝绸之路”的提出顺应了气候变化的趋势,推动北极地区区域合作,近北极国家参与北极事务,原住民保护,从而使地缘结构的中心更加稳定,地缘体之间联系更加紧密,并且进一步拓展了地缘关系网络。The Arctic has an important strategic position owing to its rich resources.The world's major nations want to enter the Arctic to participate in Arctic affairs and establish influence in the Arctic;it has become one of the current international hot spots.The current research on geo-setting has turned to the perspective of the national state,but there is little research on this region.Under the background of global warming,China proposed the Arctic policy to build the"Polar Silk Road"with all parties as responsible nations.Based on the framework of geo-setting,this study analyzes the geo-setting of the Arctic and the influence of the"Polar Silk Road"on the geo setting of the Arctic.First,the geo-setting of the Arctic is complex because it is located at the northernmost end of the earth.It contains rich resources and possesses high strategic value,which has led to competition among major nations in the world.As such,the geo-relations in the Arctic involve many subjects and issues.The subject relations include three aspects:the relation among Arctic nations,the relation between the Near-Arctic nations and the Arctic nations,and the relationship between Arctic aborigines and Arctic nations.These issues focus on territory,economy,energy,and the benefits of Arctic aborigines.The geo-structure of the Arctic has experienced three stages of evolution,and now presents a complex structure with the characteristics of"Central-Subcenter Periphery."Second,the"Polar Silk Road"will influence the geo-settings in the Arctic in two aspects:on the one hand,although some nations disagree with the"Polar Silk Road,"it will improve the tense geo-relations in the Arctic,promote the sub-regional cooperation,enable the participation of the Near-Arctic nations in Arctic affairs,and protect the Arctic indigenous people in general.On the other hand,it will make the core of the geo-structure more stable,the tightness among geo-entities closer,and further extend the geo-relations network.

关 键 词：北极 地缘环境 区域合作 “冰上丝绸之路” 中国策略 

分 类 号：P941.62[天文地球—自然地理学] K901.4[历史地理—人文地理学]