义愤与民变--江南社会对甲申国变的反应与心态  

Indignation and Revolt:Reaction and Mentality of Jiangnan Society to Jiashen National Revolt

作　　者：苟洪远 卓越 GOU Hong-yuan;ZHUO Yue(History and Culture and Tourism,Jiangsu Normal University College,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221100,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,江苏徐州221100

出　　处：《长江师范学院学报》2021年第5期80-88,共9页Journal of Yangtze Normal University

摘　　要：崇祯十七年(1644)四五月间,李自成攻占北京的消息传遍大江南北,社会反应呈现出严重的分化。一方面,士人因为国家沦亡悲愤异常,掀起了声讨降臣的热潮,并且十分急切地呼吁北伐,他们宣称“君辱臣死”的义愤充斥于社会,因此强调鼓舞忠义,以图收复。另一方面,无赖奸徒趁火打劫,暴乱与奴变此起彼伏,人们陷入恐慌之中,或出逃乡居,或囤聚自保。这种暴乱与奴变和士人们理想中的义愤场景形成了鲜明的反差,士绅与大众在思想观念与心态上的差异因为国变而暴露无遗。在危机关头,士人更易受到理想主义的影响,因此很难代表真正的舆论。In April and May of 1644,when the news that Li Zicheng had occupied Beijing spread all over the country was reported,the social reaction showed serious differentiation.On the one hand,because of the loss of the country,the scholars set off an upsurge of denouncing the surrender,and called very urgently for the Northern Expedition.They claimed that the indignation of“If the monarch is humiliated,ministers should be deadly loyal”was filling the society,so they encouraged loyalty so as to recover what was lost.On the other hand,gangsters and traitors took advantage of the situation,and riots and slavery came and go one after another;people fell into panic,or fled to the countryside,or got together to protect themselves.There was a sharp contrast between the ideal scene of righteous indignation and the turmoil in reality.The differences in ideology and mentality between the gentry and the public were exposed because of the national change.In crisis,scholars were more easily influenced by idealism,so it was difficult for them to represent the real public opinion.

关 键 词：甲申国变 社会反应 士人心态 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]