基于SSR标记的中亚生态区核桃(Juglans regia L.)遗传多样性与种群结构分析  

Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of walnut(Juglans regia L.)in Central Asia ecological region based on SSR markers

作　　者：马凯[1,2,3] 赵钰 张恒 韩立群[1,2,3] 赵国庆[1,2,3] 王继勋 MA Kai;ZHAO Yu;ZHANG Heng;HAN Liqun;ZHAO Guoqing;WANG Jixun(Institute of Horticulture Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Fruit Science Experiment Station,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Horticultural Crop Genome and Genetic Improvement,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China;International Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange Division,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]农业农村部新疆地区果树科学观测试验站,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆园艺作物基因组与遗传改良重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [4]新疆农业科学院国际科技合作交流处,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第11期1854-1867,共14页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区天山青年计划(2020Q031);新疆维吾尔自治区资源共享平台建设项目(PT2027);新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项(上海合作组织科技伙伴计划及国际科技合作计划)(2018E01001)。

摘　　要：【目的】从分子水平探究中国新疆与吉尔吉斯斯坦和塔吉克斯坦2个中亚国家共6个区域核桃种质资源间的遗传多样性及亲缘关系。【方法】采用SSR分子标记方法对采自6个区域的137份核桃种质资源进行遗传多样性和居群遗传结构分析。【结果】利用14对引物共检测到130个等位变异位点,变异范围为6~13,平均每对SSR引物可检测到9.2857个等位位点;14个SSR位点的占比范围为0.6257~0.8651,平均值0.7634;平均Shannon’s多样性指数(I)为0.4598;种群总基因多样性(Ht)平均值为3.2481;种群内基因多样性(Hs)平均值为2.1089;种群间的遗传分化指数(Gst)范围为0.0578~0.4068,平均值为0.2595;基因流(Nm)平均值为3.0174;各个等位基因频率整体分布不均匀。UPGMA聚类结果显示,137份供试材料在遗传相似性系数为0.75时分成3个类群。其中,第一类群共42份,包括中国新疆阿克苏地区16份,中国新疆和田地区21份,吉尔吉斯斯坦5份;第二类群共44份,包括中国新疆伊犁地区12份、吉尔吉斯斯坦32份;第三类群共51份,包括中国新疆喀什地区19份、塔吉克斯坦13份和中国新疆伊犁地区19份。聚类结果在一定程度上表明了居群间亲缘关系的距离,总体分布与地理分布有关,不同区域之间存在一定的基因交换。聚类结果与居群间遗传距离和遗传一致度结果一致。【结论】SSR分子标记结果表明,中亚生态区不同地理分布的核桃种质资源遗传多样性存在差异,为揭示中亚生态区核桃种群结构及传播途径提供了依据。【Objective】In the distribution areas of walnut(Juglans regia L.)in Central Asia,researchers in different countries have studied the genetic diversity of walnut in their own countries.However,there have been few studies on the germplasm of walnut in several regions,especially the related studies between Xinjiang and many other countries in Central Asia.In this study,genetic diversity and population genetic structure of 137 walnut germplasm resources collected from four regions of Ili,Kashgar,Hotan and Aksu and six regions of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan were analyzed by SSR(Simple Sequence Repeat)molecular markers.The genetic diversity and genetic relationships of walnut germplasm in six regions of Xinjiang and Central Asia were explored at the molecular level,in order to provide material references for further revealing the origin of walnut in the Central Asian ecology-region.【Methods】137 accessions of walnut germplasm resources were collected a in six areas with individual random sampling,including 19 of Kashgar region,15 of Aksu area,Hotan region in 21,31 of Ili region,37 of Kyrgyzstan,13 of Tajikistan.The fresh walnut leaves collected were wiped clean and immediately put into the self-sealed bag containing silica gel for preservation.The DNA of each material was extracted by Plant Genomic DNA Extraction Kit(Tiangen Company).After testing the quality and concentration of DNA,30 accessions of randomly selected walnut germplasms were used to construct the six group’s genomic DNA mixed gene pool,using published 64 SSR primers.The PCR products were detected by 1%agarose gel electrophoresis,and the bright and clear primers were screened and amplified.The 14 pairs of primers screened were used for PCR amplification of all the test materials.PCR products were separated with 6%non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The bands were detected by silver staining.The amplification of each primer in each individual was counted.Genetic diversity indices including the number of alleles(Na),the number of effecti

关 键 词：核桃 种质资源 SSR 遗传多样性 遗传结构 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]