长三角地区低温特征及其对甜樱桃蓄冷量的影响  

Characteristics of low temperature and its impact on chilling accumulation of sweet cherries in the Yangtze River Delta

作　　者：孙菀霞 刘勋菊 王丽 王继源 纠松涛 王磊[1] 王世平[1] 张才喜[1] SUN Wanxia;LIU Xunju;WANG Li;WANG Jiyuan;JIU Songtao;WANG Lei;WANG Shiping;ZHANG Caixi(School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240

出　　处：《果树学报》2021年第11期1900-1910,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-30-2-08)。

摘　　要：【目的】准确把握我国长三角地区的有效低温累积情况,实现栽培区域的精细化划分,对我国次适宜栽培区甜樱桃的引种栽培和低需冷量品种选育具有重要意义。【方法】以1999—2019年长三角城市群12个气象监测站的气温数据为基本资料,通过0~7.2℃模型、Utah模型和Dynamic模型对该地区的有效低温累积量进行评估;同时根据有效低温累积量,采用层次聚类分析方法进行相似栽培区的划分。【结果】长三角地区有效低温累积的时间范围为11月至翌年4月,有效低温累积量为336~2079 Chilling Hours(CH)、1254~2505 Chilling Units(CU)以及53~99 Chilling Portions(CP)。除芜湖市和台州市的低温累积量较低之外,其他监测地区的平均低温累积量均超过1000 CH、1600 CU以及70 CP,基本可以满足国内中需冷量甜樱桃品种的需求。聚类分析结果表明,合肥市和南京市、杭州市和上海市以及宁波市和舟山定海区为三组不同的栽培区,各组栽培区可以依据其低温累积特征进行相同甜樱桃品种的试栽。【结论】初步判定了长三角地区的低温蓄冷量情况,可为甜樱桃引种栽培及规模化的高效优质栽培提供理论依据。【Objective】Some perennial tree species enter a dormancy period during winter,which allows them to survive cold temperatures and continue growth in the following season.Most temperate fruit trees,including cherries,require enough chilling accumulation during their dormant phase in order to break dormancy and produce economically satisfying yields.In China,sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)production has expanded quickly,particularly beyond the traditional production regions surrounding Bohai Bay to the southern area.Adequate winter chill is an important region characteristic for commercial orchard operations.Recent temperature increases are the cause for the concern for many orchard managers,especially in warm regions,because they may compromise the trees’ability to fulfill their chilling requirements.Many sweet cherry cultivars are susceptible to warmer winter due to the lack of chilling accumulation.The main objective was to investigate chilling accumulation duration period and assess chilling accumulation in the Yangtze River Delta of China.【Methods】To explore chilling accumulation in warm regions of China,we applied three commonly used chilling models(the Chilling Hours,Utah and Dynamic Models)to quantify winter chill of 12 weather stations in the Yangtze River Delta by using the long-term hourly temperature records from 1999 to 2019.In the computation,we used the oldest and most widespread Chilling Hours Model,which calculates the number of chill hours with temperatures of 0 to 7.2℃.Based on the hourly temperature datasets,we computed site-specific winter chill for all years and for all locations.For each chill model and location,the start and end date of winter chill was compared to monthly mean temperature to provide an indication of likely responses to changing winter temperatures.Moreover,12 cultivation areas were divided by the hierarchical clustering method based on the estimated chilling accumulation results.【Results】According to the Chilling Hours Model,chilling accumulation was estimated b

关 键 词：甜樱桃 长三角地区 需冷量 层次聚类分析 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]