湖南省医养结合机构养老护理员职业倦怠影响因素与干预策略  

Influencing factors and intervention strategies of job burnout of aged-care nurses in medical and nursing institutions of Hunan Province

作　　者：刘立珍[1] 唐凤平[1] 李雅[1] 程亮[1] 刘立芳[2] LIU Li-zhen;TANG Feng-ping;LI Ya;CHENG Liang;LIU Li-fang(Nursing Department,Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College,Zhuzhou Hunan,412012,China;Transplantation Surgery Department,Xiangya Third Hospital of Central South University,Changsha Hunan,410013,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南中医药高等专科学校护理系,湖南株洲410012 [2]中南大学湘雅三医院移植外科,湖南长沙410013

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第18期2453-2457,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(16C1258)。

摘　　要：目的探讨湖南省12家医养结合机构(医养机构)养老护理员职业倦怠的影响因素,为制定干预策略提供新思路和参考依据。方法2019年5-9月,采用便利抽样法选取湖南省长沙市、株洲市、湘潭市12家医养机构的养老护理员作为研究对象,通过自制人口学调查表和职业倦怠自评量表进行调查。结果共回收248份有效问卷,医养机构养老护理员职业倦怠得分为36.01±20.38,其中情感衰竭维度得分为12.15±8.64,去人格化维度得分为11.32±4.72、个人成就感维度得分为12.54±8.07。检出有职业倦怠的养老护理员119名(48.0%),其中轻度倦怠70名(28.2%),中度倦怠23名(9.3%),重度倦怠26名(10.5%)。月收入、职业资格级别、工作时间、工作年限及择业原因均是养老护理员情感衰竭的影响因素(均P<0.05);月收入、每天工作时间和职业资格级别均是养老护理员去人格化的影响因素(均P<0.05);总收入、职业资格级别与用工性质均是个人成就感的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论湖南省医养机构养老护理员职业倦怠检出率较高,建议提高机构内养老护理员的薪资水平,合理分配工作时间,降低工作强度,积极开展心理辅导课程,加强思政课程的培训,增强职业认同感等,减少职业倦怠的发生,促进养老护理队伍健康可持续发展。Objective To explore the influencing factors of job burnout of job burnout of aged-care nurses in 12 medical and nursing institutions of Hunan Province,provide new ideas and reference basis for formulating intervention strategies.Methods From May to September 2019,convenience sampling method was used to select aged-care nurses from 12 medical and nursing institutions in Changsha City,Zhuzhou City and Xiangtan City of Hunan Province as the research objects,and the survey was conducted through self-made demographic data sheets and self-rating occupational burnout scales.Results A total of 248 valid questionnaires were collected.The score of job burnout in aged-care nurses in medical and nursing institutions was 36.01±20.38,and the score of emotional exhaustion dimension,depersonalization dimension and personal accomplishment dimension was12.15±8.64,11.32±4.72 and 12.54±8.07,respectively.119(48.0%)aged-care nurses were found to have job burnout,of which 70 were mild burnout(28.2%),23 were moderate burnout(9.3%),and 26 were severe burnout(10.5%).Monthly income,professional qualification level,working hours,working years,and reasons for choosing the career were the influencing factors of emotional exhaustion of aged-care nurses(all P<0.05).Monthly income,daily working hours and professional qualification level were the influencing factors of depersonalization of aged-care nurses(all P<0.05).Total income,professional qualification level and nature of employment were the influencing factors of personal accomplishment(all P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of job burnout among aged-care nurses in medical and nursing institutions of Hunan Province is relatively high.It is recommended to increase the salary level of aged-care nurses in institutions,allocate working hours rationally,reduce work intensity,actively carry out psychological counseling courses,strengthen ideological and political courses training,and enhance professional identity,so as to reduce the occurrence of job burnout,and promote the healthy and su

关 键 词：医养结合 养老护理员 职业倦怠 影响因素 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]