空气颗粒物长期暴露下环卫作业人员心血管健康指标与现状分析  

Analysis on cardiovascular health indexes and current situation of sanitation workers under long-term exposure of air particulate matter

作　　者：张丽江[1] 廖宁 柴淑萍 张璞 刘军[1] 于常艳[3] 俞文兰[3] 卢耀勤[1] ZHANG Li-jiang;LIAO Ning;CHAI Shu-ping;ZHANG Pu;LIU Jun;YU Chang-yan;YU Wen-lan;LU Yao-qin(Occupational Disease Prevention Section,Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Urumqi Xinjiang,830002,China;Department of Public Health,Urumqi High-tech District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Urumqi Xinjiang,830000,China;Women’s Labor Health and Reproductive Health Research Office,Occupational Health Institute,China Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,100015,China)

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治科,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]乌鲁木齐高新区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生所妇女劳动卫生与生殖健康研究室,北京100015

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第18期2462-2466,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：乌鲁木齐市卫生健康委项目(201926)。

摘　　要：目的了解空气颗粒物长期暴露下的环卫作业人员心血管健康指标异常情况及其影响因素,为环卫作业人员心血管疾病的早期预防提供科学依据。方法2019年9-12月,选取乌鲁木齐市某区所有从事环卫工作≥1年的307名环卫作业人员作为研究对象。排除既往患有心血管疾病史、个人资料填写不完整者和心血管系统项目指标检查不齐全者。采用横断面调查方法,使用自行设计的调查问卷,对所有调查对象开展职业健康检查和现场调查。结果307例调查对象中心血管健康指标评分为满分的仅为1.30%。体质指数(body mass index,BMI)和收缩压均值均高于正常标准值。心血管健康指标中异常检出率最高的是收缩压,为62.22%;其次是BMI,为53.09%;舒张压异常率为40.07%。不同性别环卫作业人员在吸烟、BMI异常、血压异常和不健康饮食方面的检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),男性高于女性。不同年龄段环卫作业人员吸烟检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),20~<30岁组的吸烟人数明显多于其他年龄组。不同文化程度环卫作业人员血糖异常和饮食不健康的检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),随着文化程度的升高,血糖异常和饮食不健康的检出率呈现下降特征。不同工龄环卫作业人员吸烟、血糖异常和饮食不健康的检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),随着工龄的延长,吸烟者的比例、血糖异常和饮食不健康的检出率均逐渐上升。Logistic回归分析结果显示,工龄≥10年是影响心血管健康的主要危险因素(P<0.05)。结论长期暴露于空气颗粒物下的环卫作业人员心血管健康指标值较低,应高度关注血压、血糖和健康饮食,有效控制心血管危险因素,预防心血管疾病的发生。Objective To understand the abnormal situation and influencing factors of cardiovascular health indexes of sanitation workers under long-term exposure of air particulate matter,provide scientific basis for early prevention of cardiovascular disease in sanitation workers.Methods From September to December 2019,307 sanitation workers who were engaged in sanitation work≥1 year in a district of Urumqi were selected as the research objects.People with previous history of cardiovascular disease,incomplete personal data and incomplete cardiovascular system index examination were excluded.Using cross-sectional survey method and self-designed questionnaire,occupational health examination and field investigation were carried out for all subjects.Results Among 307 subjects,only 1.30%got the full marks in central vascular health index.Both the mean of body mass index(BMI)and the systolic pressure were higher than the normal standard values.Among the cardiovascular health indexes,the abnormal rate of the systolic blood pressure was the highest(62.22%),followed by BMI(53.09%),and the abnormal rate of the diastolic blood pressure was 40.07%.There were statistically significant differences the detection rates of smoking,BMI,abnormal blood pressure and unhealthy diet between gender groups(P<0.05),and the detection rates of males were higher than those of females.There were statistically significant differences the detection rate of smoking among age groups(all P<0.05),and the number of smoking in 20-<30 age group was higher than that in other groups.There were statistically significant differences the detection rates of abnormal blood glucose and unhealthy diet among groups with different educational level(all P<0.05),and the detection rates of abnormal blood glucose and unhealthy diet showed a decline trend with the increase of education level.There were statistically significant differences the detection rates of smoking,abnormal blood glucose and unhealthy diet among groups with different length of service(all P<0.05),and th

关 键 词：空气颗粒物 环卫作业人员 心血管 健康指标 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]