天津市职业人群职业病防治知识知晓影响因素及需求分析  

Analysis on influencing factors of awareness of occupational health knowledge and demand among occupational population in Tianjin

作　　者：杨雪莹[1] 范丽娜[1] 郝培[1] 曾强[1] YANG Xue-ying;FAN Li-na;HAO Pei;ZENG Qiang(Office of Occupational Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin,300011,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心职业病预防控制室,天津300011

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第18期2495-2499,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：津门医学英才(2018.9);天津市自然科学基金(20JCYBJC00270)。

摘　　要：目的了解天津市职业人群职业卫生相关知识知晓程度及影响因素和需求现况,为开展职业卫生健康教育提供科学依据。方法2018年4-10月采用整群随机抽样方法,自制职业卫生知识调查表对4674例企业员工进行调查,职业卫生知晓得分比较采用方差分析,并对职业卫生知晓水平采用多因素logistic回归分析。结果调查对象职业卫生知识总知晓率为90.6%,25个问题中职业病危害因素的种类知晓率最低,为59.7%。调查对象职业卫生认知得分为22.64±2.69(满分为25.00)。单因素分析显示,职业卫生知晓得分女性高于男性,天津户籍高于非天津户籍,已婚者高于单身者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。职业卫生知识得分,学历、月收入、用工合同、年龄及工龄的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,初中以上学历、月收入2000~<4000元和4000~<6000元、年龄40~<50岁是职业卫生知识知晓水平促进因素;短期合同是职业卫生知晓水平的危险因素,短期合同低职业卫生知晓水平是长期合同者的2.08倍(OR=2.080,95%CI:1.599~2.706)。结论企业应重视针对低文化、低收入和短期合同员工的职业病防治知识宣传教育,提升员工对职业病防治知识理解,促进形成科学规范的职业卫生行为。Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of awareness of occupational health knowledge,as well as demand among occupational population in Tianjin,provide scientific basis for carrying out occupational health education.Methods By using cluster random sampling method,4674 workers were investigated by the self-made occupational health knowledge questionnaire from April to October,2018.Analysis of variance was used to test the difference of occupational health awareness scores,and the multivariate analysis was conducted on the awareness level of occupational health by logistic regression.Results The total awareness rate of occupational health in respondents was 90.6%.Among the 25 questions,the awareness rate of types of occupational hazard factors was the lowest(59.7%).The average score of occupational health cognition in respondents was 22.64±2.69(the full score was 25.00).Single factor analysis showed that the score of occupational health awareness in women was higher than that in men,people with Tianjin registered residence was higher than those with registered residence of other region,married persons was higher than those in single,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the score of occupational health knowledge among groups in different education,monthly income,employment contract,age,and length of service(all P<0.05).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education of junior high school or above,monthly income of 2000-<4000 yuan and 4000-<6000 yuan,and age group of 40-<50 years were promotion factors of the awareness level of occupational health knowledge,while the short-term contract was the risk factor of the awareness level of occupational health,and the low awareness level of occupational health in workers with short-term contract was 2.08 times of that in workers with long-term contract(OR=2.080,95%CI:1.599-2.706).Conclusion Enterprises should attach importance to the publicity and

关 键 词：职业卫生知识 行为 影响因素 需求 

分 类 号：R19[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]