2017-2019年东莞市不同规模企业职业病危害现状调查  

Investigation on status quo of occupational hazards in enterprises of different sizes in Dongguan City from 2017-2019

作　　者：莫桂芳 钟新光 陈惠鹏[1] 马争[1] 叶立和 张曼宇 MO Gui-fang;ZHONG Xin-guang;CHEN Hui-peng;MA Zheng;YE Li-he;ZHANG Man-yu(Occupational Health Department,Sixth People’s Hospital of Dongguan City(Dongguan City Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Center),Dongguan Guangdong,523008,China)

机构地区：[1]东莞市第六人民医院(东莞市职业病防治中心)职业卫生科,广东东莞523008

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第18期2552-2554,2558,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：东莞市社会科技发展(一般)项目(202050715005667)。

摘　　要：目的了解2017-2019年东莞市职业病危害的相关情况,并以此作为依据来制定相关的防护以及监督措施。方法调查2017-2019年期间东莞市10个镇街11043家企业职业病危害情况,采取整群采样、面对面询问、现场调查等方式结合采集信息,并对数据进行分析。结果本次调查的11043家企业中有10980家企业存在职业病危害因素,占99.43%。相关从业人员共8764499人,其中近40%为女性职工。能够接触到职业病危害因素的人员接近24万人。调查企业职业病危害检测率、健康检查率、职业危害申报率、职业健康知识培训率均为大型企业>中型企业>小型企业>微型企业,且差异均有统计意义(均P<0.01)。结论2017-2019年东莞市职业病危害情况不容乐观,企业规模越小职业病危害检测、职业健康监护、职业病危害申报及培训等管理水平越弱,职业卫生执法和宣传教育应加大对中小微企业的力度。Objective To understand the status of occupational hazards in Dongguan City from 2017-2019,provide a basis for formulating relevant protection and supervision measures.Methods The status of occupational hazards in 11043 enterprises from10 towns and streets of Dongguan City from 2017-2019 were investigated.With the cluster sampling,the data were collected faceto-face inquiry by using face-to-face inquiry and on-site investigation.And the data were analyzed.Results Among 11043 enterprises in the survey,10980 had the occupational hazards,accounting for 99.43%.There were 8764499 employees,and40%were female,and nearly 240000 employees had been exposed to occupational hazards.The occupational hazard detection rate,physical examination rate,occupational hazard declaration rate,and occupational health knowledge training rate of surveyed enterprises ranked as follows:large-scale enterprises>medium-sized enterprises>small enterprises>micro-enterprises,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01).Conclusion The status of occupational hazards in Dongguan City from 2017-2019 is not optimistic.The smaller the enterprise scale,the worse the management level of occupational hazard detection,occupational health surveillance,occupational hazard declaration and training.It is necessary to strengthen the occupational health law enforcement,publicity and education in small,medium and micro enterprises.

关 键 词：职业卫生 现状调查 职业病危害 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]