甲苯、异丙醇、丙酮在活性炭上的竞争性吸附研究  

Study of competitive adsorption of toluene,isopropanol and acetone on activated carbon

作　　者：孙思雨 徐承敏[1] 阮征[1] 钱亚玲[1] 朱海豹[1] 吴南翔[1] SUN Si-yu;XU Cheng-min;RUAN Zheng;QIAN Ya-Ling;ZHU Hai-bao;WU Nan-xiang(Institute of Health,Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences,Hangzhou Zhejiang,310013,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省医学科学院卫生学研究所,浙江杭州310013

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第19期2625-2629,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：浙江省基础公益研究计划(LGC20B050001)。

摘　　要：目的通过测定不同条件下甲苯、丙酮和异丙醇在活性炭上的吸附量来观察其竞争性吸附情况,探讨可能存在的机制,以减小采样误差,正确评估劳动者的健康危害情况。方法配置0.4、1、2和4倍短时间接触容许浓度(PC-STEL)的标准气体,设置0.1、0.15和0.2 L/min 3个流量组。使用活性炭管进行采样,每组采集3个样品,以气相色谱仪测定样品含量,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果所得标准曲线线性良好且样品浓度均在线性范围内;当解吸液中含1%异丁醇时,对甲苯和丙酮的解吸无显著影响;0.1、0.15和0.2 L/min 3个流量组的活性炭吸附量组间RSD范围在0.51%~1.80%之间,除甲苯在0.4倍PC-STEL条件下和异丙醇在1倍PC-STEL条件下的测量结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)外,其他差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);在2倍和1倍PC-STEL浓度下,丙酮与甲苯和异丙醇共存时,丙酮吸附量明显减少;异丙醇与甲苯共存时,异丙醇吸附量略有减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甲苯、异丙醇和丙酮极性不同,在活性炭上存在竞争性吸附现象。在今后的工作场所空气中有毒物质测定方法的研制及修订中,应该从吸附和解吸两方面考虑多种有毒物质共存时对采样及分析结果的影响。Objective To observe the competitive adsorption of toluene,acetone and isopropanol on activated carbon by measuring the adsorption capacity of toluene,acetone and isopropanol under different conditions,explore the possible mechanism,so as to reduce the sampling error and correctly evaluate the health hazards of workers.Methods The different concentrations of standard gases were configured,including 0.4,1,2 and 4 times of permissible concentration-concentration-short term expose limit(PCSTEL),and three flow groups of 0.1,0.15 and 0.2 L/min were set up.The activated carbon tubes were used for sampling,to collect 3 samples in each group.The content of samples was determined by gas chromatography,and the results were statistically analyzed.Results The linearity of the standard curve is good and the concentrations of the samples are in the linear range.When the desorption solution contained 1%isobutanol,there was no significant effect on the desorption of toluene and acetone.RSD of activated carbon adsorption capacity among three flow groups of 0.1,0.15 and 0.2 L/min ranged from 0.51%to 1.80%.For the toluene at 0.4 times of PC-STEL and isopropanol at 1 time of PC-STEL,there were statistically significant differences in the measurement results,while the other differences were not statistically significant(all P>0.05).At 2 and 1 times of PC-STEL concentration,the adsorption capacity of acetone decreased significantly when acetone coexisted with toluene and isopropanol,when isopropanol and toluene coexisted,the adsorption capacity of isopropanol decreases slightly,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The polarity of toluene,isopropanol and acetone is different,and there is competitive adsorption on activated carbon.In the future development and revision of the determination method of toxic substances in the air of workplace,the influence of the coexistence of multiple toxic substances on the sampling and analysis results should be considered from two aspects of adsorption and desorption.

关 键 词：甲苯 异丙醇 丙酮 活性炭 竞争性吸附 

分 类 号：R134.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]