海南省不同地区农业人员农药使用与防护情况调查  

Investigation on pesticide use and protection of agricultural workers in different areas of Hainan Province

作　　者：颜有萱 张磊 龙飞 卢素丽 王菊 于德娥[1] YAN You-xuan;ZHANG Lei;LONG Fei;LU Su-li;WANG Ju;YU De-e(School of public health,Hainan Medical College,Haikou Hainan,571199,China)

机构地区：[1]海南医学院公共卫生学院,海南海口571199

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第17期2384-2388,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：海南省大学生创新创业项目(201811810071);海南医学院创新创业项目(hycx2018071);海南省自然科学基金项目(817130)。

摘　　要：目的了解海南省不同地区农业人员农药使用状况及防护情况。方法2019年从海南省东西中3个区域采用多阶段整群抽样法抽取3个行政村,用自行设计的问卷进行调查。结果共有609人参与调查,男性占53.7%,女性占46.3%;吸烟者占62.9%;饮酒者占52.1%;小学及以下文化程度者占27.4%,患有呼吸系统疾病和心血管疾病者占10.0%;调查对象在性别、年龄、是否抽烟饮酒、农业种植类型等方面在不同地区间比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。农药使用人员490人(80.5%),西部>中部>东部(P<0.05),且农业人员在农药使用频率、混合使用农药情况及农药喷洒方式等方面在不同地区间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。57.5%的农药使用人员基本不戴手套,71.2%的人基本不戴口罩,73.5%的人不穿长袖衣裤,63.3%的人不及时洗手洗脸,70.8%的人不及时洗澡,在不同地区间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。1.0%的人使用农药后经常感到不舒服,10.4%的人出现咳嗽和咳痰症状,8.8%的人感觉胸闷和呼吸困难。经回归分析发现,农药使用情况得分与年龄、文化程度均呈正相关(均P<0.05);使用农药防护情况得分与年龄呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论海南省农业人员农药使用频率较高,缺乏防护措施,以西部地区居多,且年龄越高防护情况越差。Objective To understand the situation of pesticide use and protection of agricultural workers in different areas of Hainan Province.Methods In 2019,three administrative villages were selected from three regions of east,middle and west in Hainan Province by multi-stage cluster sampling method,and self-designed questionnaire was used for the survey.Results A total of 609 people participated in the survey,male accounted for 53.7%,and female accounted for 46.3%.The smokers and drinkers accounted for 62.9%and 52.1%respectively.The people with primary school education and below accounted for 27.4%,and people suffering from respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases accounted for 10.0%.There were no statistically significant differences in gender,age,smoking and drinking,agricultural planting types among respondents from different regions(all P>0.05).There were 490 pesticide users(80.5%),which was higher in the west region than in the middle region than in the wast region(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in frequency of pesticide use,mixed pesticide use and pesticide spraying method among agricultural workers from different regions(all P<0.05).57.5%of pesticide users didn’t wear gloves,71.2%didn’t wear masks,73.5%didn’t wear long sleeves,63.3%didn’t wash their hands and face in time,and 70.8%didn’t take a bath in time.There were statistically significant differences among different regions(all P<0.05).1.0%of them often felt uncomfortable after using pesticides,10.4%of them had cough and expectoration symptoms,and 8.8%felt chest tightness and dyspnea.Regression analysis showed that the score of pesticide use was positively correlated with age and education level(both P<0.05),while the score of pesticide protection was positively correlated with age(P<0.05).Conclusion The frequency of pesticide use of agricultural personnel in Hainan Province is high,there is a lack of protective measures,most of them are in the western region,and the higher the age,the worse the protection situatio

关 键 词：农药 农业人员 农药防护 海南 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]