农村地区浅层地下水、沟塘水及沉积物中PAHs的污染特征及风险评价  

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of PAHs in the surface sediment, surrounding shallow groundwater and ditch pond water in rural areas

作　　者：张晗[1] 吕占禄[1] 张金良[1] 陈辛月 邹天森[1] ZHANG Han;LYU Zhanlu;ZHANG Jinliang;CHEN Xinyue;ZOU Tiansen(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing,100012,China;Environmental Monitoring Station of Xiping County,Zhumadian,463900,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室,北京100012 [2]西平县环境监测站,驻马店463900

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第10期3100-3111,共12页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1801604);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项项目(2020-JY-002)资助。

摘　　要：用液相色谱法对河南省西平县某乡浅层地下水、沟塘水及沉积物样品中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析.结果表明,本研究中w(Bap)、TEQ(BaP)、∑_(7)PAHs、高环PAHs占比依次为:沉积物>沟塘水>浅层地下水.浅层地下水、沟塘水及沉积物中PAHs有相似的来源,主要源于燃烧,并以生物质和煤炭燃烧为主;沟塘水对浅层地下水中PAHs的影响较大,距离沟塘越近,浅层地下水中PAHs含量越高.经饮水摄入浅层地下水中7种致癌PAHs的P_(95)致癌风险在1.8×10^(-8)—7.0×10^(-6)之间,在6岁时为1.1×10^(-6),高于一般可接受的致癌风险水平(1×10^(-6)),主要产生致癌风险的污染物为BaP和BaA;浅层地下水中PAHs的P95非致癌风险在6.1×10^(-4)—1.9×10^(-2)之间,HQ远小于1,为可接受水平. 4号沟塘水中PAHs处于高生态风险水平,对生态风险贡献最大的污染物是BaA,占40.7%. 3号沟塘水中PAHs处于中等风险水平,对生态风险贡献最大的污染物是DBA和BaA,分别占36.9%和23.6%.所有沟塘沉积物的PAHs的生态风险已经具有一定程度的"临界效应",需要采取相应的措施控制和削减沟塘沉积物和水体中PAHs的污染.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in the surface sediment, surrounding shallow groundwater and ditch pond water in Xiping county, Henan province were analyzed by liquid chromatography. The results showed that, w(Bap), TEQ(BaP), ∑_(7) PAHs and high molecular weight PAHs were successively: the sediment > ditch pond water > the shallow groundwater. Though they share the same resource of the PAHs which come from the combustion of either biomass or coal. The ditch pond water has a significant influence on the levels of PAHs in the shallow groundwater. The closer of sampling sites to the ditch pond, the higher content of PAHs in shallow groundwater. The carcinogenic risk of PAHs of the shallow groundwater by dringking ranged from 1.8×10^(-8) to 7.0×10^(-6) and the risk was higher than general acceptable level(1×10^(-6)) for the subpopulation above 6 yrs. The major contributors to the carcinogenicity were Bap and BaA. The non-carcinogenic risk(HQ) of PAHs in the shallow groundwater ranged from 6.1×10^(-4) to 1.9×10^(-2), which were far more less than the acceptable level(HQ=1.0). PAHs in the water of No.4 ditch pond was at a level of high ecological risk and BaA was the most contributor, which accounted for 40.7% of the ecological risk. PAHs in the water of No.3 ditch pond was at medium risk level 2, and the major contributors to the ecological risk were DBA and BaA, which accounted for 36.89% and 23.60%, respectively. The ecological risk of PAHs in sediments of all ditch pond have reached to "critical effect ", which suggested the corresponding measures should be taken to control and reduce the PAHs pollution of the ditch pond sediments and water.

关 键 词：浅层地下水 沟塘水 沉积物 多环芳烃 污染特征 风险评估 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X52