作物育性调控和分子设计杂交育种前沿进展与展望  

Fertility regulation and molecular design hybrid breeding in crops

作　　者：欧阳亦聃[1] 陈乐天[2] OUYANG YiDan;CHEN LeTian(National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research(Wuhan),College of Life Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources,College of Life Sciences,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学生命科学技术学院,作物遗传改良国家重点实验室,国家植物基因研究中心(武汉),武汉430070 [2]华南农业大学生命科学学院,亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2021年第10期1385-1395,共11页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-中国科学院联合项目(批准号:L192400064,XK2019SMC008);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:31991223,32030080)资助。

摘　　要：作物育性调控不仅直接影响作物的产量,同时也和作物杂种优势利用密切相关.本文总结了作物雄性不育和杂种不育的遗传基础和分子调控机制的研究进展,介绍了细胞质雄性不育及三系杂交育种应用,光温敏雄性核不育系的建立及两系杂交育种应用,作物智能不育分子设计育种体系的建立及其应用以及作物杂种育性的调控机制及其对远缘杂交育种的应用.在此基础上分析了我国作物育性调控研究和分子设计杂交育种面临的瓶颈与对策,并展望了作物育性调控和杂交育种技术未来的发展趋势和战略布局.Fertility regulation affects crop yield as well as heterosis utilization. Here we summarize the genetic basis and molecular regulatory mechanism of male sterility and hybrid sterility in crops. The advances include cytoplasmic male sterility and its application in threeline hybrid breeding, photoperiod-and temperature-sensitive genic male sterility and its application in two-line hybrid breeding,biotechnology-based male sterility system and its application by molecular design breeding technology, and hybrid fertility and its application in distant hybrid breeding. On this basis, we discuss the bottleneck and strategies for exploring mechanisms of crop fertility regulation and molecular design hybrid breeding in China, with future trend predicted.

关 键 词：作物 细胞质雄性不育 细胞核雄性不育 智能不育系 杂种不育 杂交育种 

分 类 号：S334[农业科学—作物遗传育种]