农作物抗病虫研究的战略思考  

Strategic thinking and research on crop disease and pest resistance in China

作　　者：邓一文 刘裕强[2] 王静[3] 陈学伟[3] 何祖华 DENG YiWen;LIU YuQiang;WANG Jing;CHEN XueWei;HE ZuHua(National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Plant Physiology&Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China;State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心/植物生理生态研究所,植物分子遗传国家重点实验室,上海200032 [2]南京农业大学,作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,南京210095 [3]四川农业大学,西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2021年第10期1435-1446,共12页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-中国科学院联合项目(批准号:L192400064,XK2019SMC008);中国科学院战略性科技先导专项(A类)项目(批准号:XDA24010304);国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目;基础科学中心项目(批准号:U20A2021,32088102)资助。

摘　　要：全球的农作物每年因为病虫害导致的产量损失在11%-30%,大量的化学农药被用来控制病虫害的发生和蔓延,不仅污染环境,还严重影响人们的食品安全和身体健康.因此,利用抗病虫基因改良选育作物新品种是控制病虫害发生最经济有效的措施,也是未来我国农业绿色发展的必由之路.近几年,随着现代分子生物学的不断突破,带动了植物免疫与抗病虫研究取得突飞猛进的发展.本文重点围绕植物先天免疫基本框架和重要农作物与病原菌或害虫的互作研究体系,系统梳理了植物免疫受体的鉴定克隆以及信号通路建立、植物抗病与生长发育平衡调控以及农作物抗病虫基因克隆及互作机制研究方面的重要进展,归纳了植物免疫及抗病虫基础理论对作物抗病虫育种的贡献,提出了我国农作物抗病虫研究领域存在的瓶颈问题及解决办法,对未来我国农作物抗病虫研究提出新的发展方向,为适应我国未来农业发展的新趋势,有效开展农作物病虫害的控制奠定坚实的理论基础和分子技术支撑.The yield loss of crops per year in the world is 11%–30% due to crop diseases and pests. A large number of chemical pesticides are used to control the spread of infectious crop diseases and pests every year, which not only pollutes the environment, but also seriously threatens food safety and human health. Therefore, the most economical and effective measure to control crop diseases and insects is to develop the resistant varieties by the utilization of resistance genes(R), and it is also the preferable way for sustainable development of future agriculture in China. In recent years, much progress has been made in molecular mechanism of plant innate immunity and isolation of many immune receptors including PRRs and NLRs from crops, molecular mechanism of interactions between insects and crops, and identification and cloning of crop insect resistance genes. We review the recent important breakthroughs in plant immunity and broad-spectrum resistance genes isolated in crops, and trade-off between resistance and other agronomic traits. We point out the bottlenecks in crop breeding for disease and insect resistance, and also propose new insights for plant disease and insect resistance research in China in the future.

关 键 词：农作物 植物先天免疫 抗病虫基因 抗性机制 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]