根系发育和微生物组研究现状及未来发展趋势  

The current and future studies on plant root development and root microbiota

作　　者：丁兆军[1,2] 白洋[3,4] DING ZhaoJun;BAI Yang(The Key Lahoratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology,Ministry of Education,College of Life Sciences,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China;State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China;State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学生命科学学院,植物发育与环境适应教育部重点实验室,青岛266237 [2]山东大学,微生物工程国家重点实验室,青岛266237 [3]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,植物基因组学国家重点实验室,北京100101 [4]中国科学院-英国约翰英纳斯中心植物和微生物科学联合研究中心,北京100101

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2021年第10期1447-1456,共10页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-中国科学院联合项目(批准号:L192400064,XK2019SMC008);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:32061143005);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(批准号:Y92C990101)资助。

摘　　要：根系是高等植物的重要营养器官,不仅起着固着植物于土壤的作用,而且也是植物水分和养分吸收的主要器官.植物的很多活动,如养分的吸收利用,逆境胁迫的耐性以及植物免疫等,在不同程度上都会依赖其相关根系微生物的密切协助.因此,根系及根系微生物组无论对植物基本的生长发育,还是对植物响应外界环境变化的可塑性生长发育都发挥至关重要的作用."理想根型"和"健康的根系微生物组"是作物在正常条件下高产稳产的基础,更是作物在恶劣条件下持续稳产和高产的重要保障.植物根系相关的基础理论突破及其与作物育种的结合已迫在眉睫.将根系构型和根系微生物组改良纳入分子育种设计战略,符合我国"少投入、多产出、保护环境、持续发展"的育种方向.深入研究作物根系发育的分子调控机制和植物与根系微生物的互作机制,将"理想根型"的筛选纳入未来作物育种体系,实现"理想株型"和"理想根型"深度融合,是我国实现绿色农业可持续发展的重要机遇和挑战.Root is one of the most important vegetable organs in higher plants, playing pivotal roles in plant anchoring in soil and uptake of water and nutrients. Plant roots interact with soil microbes named microbiota, which are related to many plant activities. Roots and root microbiota are essential for plant growth and plasticity in response to environmental stresses. Ideal root architecture and healthy root microbiota ensure stable crop yields under normal and stress conditions. It is urgent to incorporate theoretical breakthroughs of root research into crop breeding, which will promote the absorption and utilization of water and nutrients and help to fit the breeding goal of sustainable agriculture in our country. Subsequent work should focus on molecular mechanisms of crop root development and the interaction between plants and root microbiota, and the incorporation of ideal root architecture selection into crop breeding, which would be very important opportunities and challenges to achieve the green sustainable agriculture in China.

关 键 词：根系发育 根系微生物组 未来作物育种 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]