磁单极子探测的历史和现状  

Detection of magnetic monopoles: History and current status

作　　者：周新霖 田文武[1,2,3] 朱辉 吴丹[1] 崔晓红[1] 张建立[1] 张孟飞[4] 张少博 雷贤欢 程皓麟 ZHOU XinLin;TIAN WenWu;ZHU Hui;WU Dan;CUI XiaoHong;ZHANG JianLi;ZHANG MengFei;ZHANG ShaoBo;LEI XianHuan;CHENG HaoLin(National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Graduate School,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Physics,Tibet University,Lhasa 850013,China;School of Astronomy and Space Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学研究生院,北京100101 [3]西藏大学物理系,拉萨850013 [4]南京大学天文与空间科学学院,南京210023

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2021年第11期118-125,共8页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2018YFA0404202,2018YFA0404203);国家自然科学基金(编号:U1931111,U1938112)资助项目。

摘　　要：自1931年狄拉克提出磁单极子存在的理论猜想以来,磁单极子探测成为了物理学家和天文学家共同研究的重大课题.历史上曾经有人声称探测到磁单极子,但是没有获得可重复的实验结果.最近,欧洲大型强子对撞机(Large Hadron Collider)实验限制了磁单极子的质量下限约为0.5 TeV.当代还有许多大型地面/地下实验,如MACRO, IceCube, Auger等探测来自宇宙的磁单极子,获得了不同速度范围的磁单极子的流量上限.本文总结已有的磁单极子探测结果,并讨论利用我国高海拔宇宙线观测站LHAASO项目探测磁单极子的可能性.最后,建议建造一个探测磁单极子的卫星或者空间站载荷.Dirac first suggested the existence of magnetic monopoles approximately 90 years ago. From there onward, experimental detection of magnetic monopoles became an important assignment for both physicists and astronomers. A few unusual events in detecting cosmic magnetic monopoles have been reported. However, there are no repeated events. Most recently,searches for magnetic monopoles with the European Large Hadron Collider excluded the existence of monopoles with masses lower than approximately 0.5 Te V. The searches for cosmic magnetic monopoles with the MACRO, Ice Cube and Auger experiments found no candidate events in data. The upper limits on the flux of magnetic monopoles from low velocity to ultrarelativistic velocity can be obtained from these experiments. This letter summarizes the existing results from the experimental detection of magnetic monopoles. We also discuss the possibility of searching for cosmic magnetic monopoles with a large high-altitude air shower observatory. Finally, we propose launching a mission to detect cosmic magnetic monopoles in space.

关 键 词：磁单极子 宇宙线 天体粒子物理 高能粒子交互作用 

分 类 号：O441[理学—电磁学]