黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病CARAH监测预警模型的应用评价  

CARAH Warning Model of Potato Late Blight in Heilongjiang Province: Evaluation

作　　者：闵凡祥[1] 王贵江[2] 杨帅[1] 胡林双[1] 王文重[1] 魏琪[1] 李文枫 Min Fanxiang;Wang Guijiang;Yang Shuai;Hu Linshuang;Wang Wenzhong;Wei Qi;Li Wenfeng(Potato Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086;Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086;Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院马铃薯研究所,哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院,哈尔滨150086 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院农业遥感与信息研究所,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第29期92-98,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目课题“马铃薯化学肥料和化学农药高效施用先进装备及配套技术的研究与应用”(2018YFD0200803);科技部国际科技合作计划项目“马铃薯晚疫病可持续防控技术合作研究”(2014DFG32260)。

摘　　要：为了避免在马铃薯晚疫病化学防治过程中用药不及时和盲目过度施药,提升防治效率,达到精准防治的目的。本研究开展CARAH晚疫病监测预警模型、丹麦NEGFRY模型和常规施药防治方法相结合进行田间小区试验。通过调查马铃薯晚疫病发生情况,分析不同处理的药剂防治效果和经济效益,评价CARAH晚疫病监测预警模型在马铃薯晚疫病防治中的作用。本研究结果显示CARAH监测预警模型病害预警情况与实际病害发生拟合度达93%。采用CARAH监测预警模型,可减少杀菌剂使用次数1~3次,产量降低损失48.47%,商品薯率提高12.63%,病薯率降低4.43%,经济效益增加10966元/hm^(2)。因此,通过建立黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病CARAH监测预警模型,可用于指导黑龙江省马铃薯晚疫病防治工作,可以减少不必要杀菌剂喷施,达到精准治的效果,完成减药目标。The objectives are to avoid the application of delayed or excessive pesticide, improve the control efficiency, and achieve precise control on potato late blight. The potato late blight forecast model of CARAH,NEGFRY model of Denmark, and conventional control of applying fungicide were combined and used in field plot experiment. The control effect and economic benefit were analyzed by investigating the occurrence of potato late blight, and the role of CARAH model on potato late blight control was evaluated. The results showed that the fitting degree of the disease warning of CM was 93% compared with the actual disease occurrence.Using the CM, the application times of fungicides were reduced 1-3 times, the yield loss was reduced by48.47%, the commercial potato rate was increased by 12.63%, the diseased potato rate was decreased by4.43%, and the economic benefit was increased by 10966 yuan/hm^(2). Therefore, the establishment of CARAH model of potato late blight in Heilongjiang Province could guide the prevention and control of potato late blight in Heilongjiang Province, reduce the unnecessary application of fungicide, and achieve the effect of precise treatment and target of reduction chemicals.

关 键 词：马铃薯晚疫病 监测预警模型 防治效果 黑龙江省 

分 类 号：S431.13[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]