土壤中抗生素污染的时空分布和环境行为研究  

The Temporal and Spatial Distribution and Environmental Behavior of Antibiotic Pollution in Soil

作　　者：毛异之 蔡柏岩[1,2,3] Mao Yizhi;Cai Baiyan(College of Life Sciences,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080;Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region,College of Life Sciences,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080;Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology,Ministry of Education,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150500)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150080 [2]黑龙江大学黑龙江省寒地生态修复与资源利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150080 [3]黑龙江大学农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心,哈尔滨150500

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第28期68-75,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“摩西管柄囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)促进连作大豆土壤硫素吸收和转运调控机理的研究”(31972502)。

摘　　要：抗生素类(antibiotic)化合物具有广谱、速效性、相对细胞低害性等特点,在哺乳动物类群的细菌感染治疗剂,及动物饲料或植物有机肥料有广泛应用。伴随着农业现代化的建设,近47种抗生素类化合物通过各类复合型有机肥的施用、农业灌溉用水、污水及人为污染物倾倒等途径,直接或间接的侵入土壤生态系统中,2013—2017年中国农业土地的平均抗生素含量约上升18.6%,部分采样土地的污染当量超过联合国规定正常值的157%。过量的抗生素会对土壤生物群造成干扰,相关研究表明,土壤中的抗生素类分子可以通过蒸腾作用进入植物体,而对根系呼吸和蒸腾运输等生理活动造成干扰。此外,抗生素也会通过食物链扩散和富集,进而扩大其污染的范围和伤害。笔者就2010—2020年间有关土壤抗生素的相关研究进行统计和归纳总结,并就土壤中抗生素环境行为和时空分布情况的研究进展进行综合论述,旨在为土壤中抗生素的相关研究提供理论参考和数据支持。Antibiotic compounds have the characteristics of broad-spectrum,quick-acting,relatively low cell toxicity,etc.,and are widely used in the treatment of bacterial infection in mammals,animal feed or plant organic fertilizers.With the construction of agricultural modernization,nearly 47 kinds of antibiotic compounds directly or indirectly have invaded the soil ecosystem through the application of various compound organic fertilizers,agricultural irrigation water,sewage and man-made pollutants dumping,etc.Between 2013 and2017,the average antibiotic content of agricultural land in China increased by about 18.6%,and the pollution equivalent of some sampled land exceeded 157%of the normal value set by the United Nations.Excessive antibiotics can interfere with soil biota.Relevant studies show that antibiotic molecules in the soil could enter the plant body through transpiration and interfere with physiological activities such as root respiration and transpiration.In addition,antibiotics could also spread and accumulate through the food chain,thereby expanding the scope and harm of their pollution.This article made statistics and summaries on the relevant research on soil antibiotics from 2010 to 2020,and comprehensively discussed the research progress of the environmental behavior and temporal and spatial distribution of antibiotics in soil,aiming to provide theoretical references for the research on antibiotics in soil.

关 键 词：土壤 抗生素 环境行为 时空分布 污染 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]