崛起的全球创新中心:中国城市在全球城市科研合作网络中的演化特征  

Rising Global Innovative Centers:The Evolution of Chinese Cities in Global Interurban Scientific Collaboration Networks

作　　者：曹湛[1] 彭震伟[2] CAO Zhan;PENG Zhenwei

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《城市规划学刊》2021年第5期23-31,共9页Urban Planning Forum

摘　　要：城市在全球科研合作网络中的地位能级可以反映城市在全球科学版图中的门户作用和支配能力。研究以Web of Science合著论文数据为基础,选取全球526个主要城市(包括44个中国主要城市),借助空间分析和网络分析,研究了2002—2006和2014—2018年两个时段全球城市科研合作网络的演进过程,并重点关注中国城市在网络中的演化特征。研究结果显示:(1)全球城市科研合作网络的重心逐渐从欧美向亚太转移,中国城市的网络连接度提升显著,但具较强网络支配能力的顶级全球创新中心较少;(2)在中国,不同城市融入全球科研合作网络的节奏并不一致。位于东部沿海、长江流域沿线以及中原地区的城市连接度提升较快,而边缘地区城市提升较慢。中国城市在全球科研知识合作网络中的发展路径与中国经济地理演进的历史轨迹和发展趋势基本吻合;(3)城市在全球科研合作网络中的演化表现出自我强化的"马太效应",这与知识生产的"空间依赖"特征和知识合作的"偏好依附"规律紧密相关。A city’s positioning in the global scientific collaboration network is a direct reflection of its hub function and control power in the global scientific landscape.The study analyses the development trajectories and geographical processes of the global interurban scientific collaboration networks(GISCNs)for two periods of 2002—2006 and 2014—2018 among 526 major cities(including 44 major Chinese cities)based on co-published data from the Web of Science with a particular focus on the changing paths and spatial features of Chinese cities.We draw the following conclusions:(1)The gravity of global interurban scientific collaboration network has shifted from the Europe-North America duopoly towards Asia-Pacific in general and the rise of China is particularly visible.Most Chinese cities have witnessed significant connectivity gain in the network,but only a few can qualify as top global innovative centers with stronger network dominance;(2)The wholesale rise in connectivity of Chinese cities is nonetheless geographically uneven,as cities along the east coast and the Yangtze River and those within the central plain have gained more significantly than cities in other parts of China.The changing positioning of the Chinese cities in the network are broadly in line with the historical trajectories and development trends of the Chinese economic geography;(3)The evolution of cities in the GISCNs exhibits a identifiable self-reinforcing"Matthew Effect",which can be attributable to the"space-dependent"feature of knowledge production and the"preferential attachment"mechanism in knowledge collaboration.

关 键 词：全球创新中心 全球城市科研合作网络 演化特征 中国城市 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]