山下黑猪与鲁莱黑猪正反交F_(1)代杂种优势的估计  

Estimating the Heterosis in the F_(1) Generation of the Reciprocal Crosses between Shanxia Black Pig and Lulai Black Pig

作　　者：晏敏 李龙云[1] 肖石军[1] 郑浩 张则凯 黄黎斌 姚文武 涂金敏 郭源梅[1] YAN Min;LI Longyun;XIAO Shijun;ZHENG Hao;ZHANG Zekai;HUANG Libin;YAO Wenwu;TU Jinmin;GUO Yuanmei(State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;Jiangxi Shanxia Investment Co.,Ltd, Ganzhou 341000, China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学省部共建猪遗传改良与养殖技术国家重点实验室,南昌330045 [2]江西山下投资有限公司,赣州341000

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2021年第11期3030-3041,共12页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31972542,31660303)。

摘　　要：旨在估计山下黑猪和鲁莱黑猪正反交F1代杂种优势,筛选出合适的杂交方式,以提高优质肉猪的生产效率,满足人们对于优质猪肉的需求。本研究在山下黑猪(164头)和鲁莱黑猪(69头)及其正(6头山下黑猪♂×25头鲁莱黑猪♀)、反(3头鲁莱黑猪♂×35头山下黑猪♀)交4个群体中测定了生长肥育、体尺外貌(75~110 kg)、繁殖和胴体肉质(90~115 kg)4大类共43个性状,比较了这些性状在群体间的差异,并估计了正反交F1代的杂种优势。结果表明,山下黑猪的生长肥育和体尺性状较好,鲁莱黑猪的繁殖和肉质性状较好,正反交群体介于它们之间。正交群体的繁殖性能优于反交群体,但生长肥育性能比反交差。由于这4个群体的母猪都是纯种,因此繁殖性状没有表现出明显杂种优势。除膘厚、胸椎数、45 min pH和剪切力无显著的杂种优劣势外,大部分胴体性状和肉质性状有明显的杂种劣势。生长肥育性状的杂种优势在正反交群体中的表现不一致,反交群体表现出显著杂种优势,而正交则无明显的杂种优势。本研究估计了山下黑猪和鲁莱黑猪正反交的杂种优势,为筛选山下黑猪和鲁莱黑猪的最佳杂交方式奠定基础。The purpose of this study was to estimate the heterosis of reciprocal crosses between Shanxia black pig(SX)and Lulai black pig(LL),and to screen the favorable intercross pattern of them,so as to improve the production efficiency of hogs with high-quality pork and meet the demand of people for high-quality pork.A total of 43 traits belonging to 4 categories were measured,including growth and fattening,body size and appearance(75-110 kg),reproduction,and carcass and meat quality(90-115 kg)in SX(164),LL(69)and the reciprocal crosses between them(6 SX♂×25 LL♀and 3 LL♂×35 SX♀),and the differences of these traits among the 4 populations were investigated and the heterosis of F_(1) generation of the reciprocal crosses populations was estimated.The results showed that SX had favorable growth,fattening and body size traits,while LL had good reproductive and meat quality traits,and these traits of the reciprocal crosses populations were between them.The reproductive performance of SX×LL was better than that of LL×SX,but the growth and fertility performance was on the contrary.Because the sows of the 4 populations were pure breeds,there was no obvious heterosis in reproductive traits.Except fat thickness,thoracic vertebrae number,pH at 45 min and shearing force having no obvious heterosis and hybrid weakness,most carcass traits together with meat quality traits had obvious hybrid weaknesses.The heterosis of growth and fattening traits were not consistent in the reciprocal populations,the cross population of LL×SX showed significant heterosis,while the cross population of SX×LL had no obvious heterosis.In this study,the heterosis of reciprocal crosses between SX and LL were estimated,and the result would help to select the favorable intercross pattern between SX and LL.

关 键 词：山下黑猪 鲁莱黑猪 杂交优势 优质猪肉 生产性能 

分 类 号：S828.2[农业科学—畜牧学]