发光细菌法评价坯革的生态毒性  

Evaluating Ecotoxicity of Leather by Luminescent Bacteria

作　　者：彭良琼 隆汶君 何发明 王睿[2] 张文华[1,2] 石碧[1,2] PENG Liangqiong;LONG Wenjun;HE Faming;WANG Rui;ZHANG Wenhua;SHI Bi(Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineer of Ministry of Education,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学皮革化学与工程教育部重点实验室,四川成都610065 [2]四川大学制革清洁技术国家工程研究中心,四川成都610065

出　　处：《皮革科学与工程》2021年第6期1-7,共7页Leather Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21776185);国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0308503)

摘　　要：皮革产业在我国国民经济体系中占重要地位,其生产过程产生的革屑和废弃革制品也可能带来环境风险。本文首先针对皮革行业关注的六价铬、甲醛、五氯苯酚、四氯苯酚、邻苯基苯酚、以及壬基酚,研究了这些有害物质的物种敏感性。比较分析表明,发光细菌对六种物质均具有较高的毒性测试敏感度。从市场抽样四种鞣法的染整坯革,与去离子水在固/液比1∶20 g/m L、100 r/min、25℃浸提8 h,以明亮发光杆菌测试浸出液EC50值,发现铬鞣、有机鞣、植鞣、锆铝鞣坯革分别为21.46%、26.76%、49.50%和88.56%,表明各鞣法坯革生态毒性:铬鞣>有机鞣>植鞣>锆铝鞣,铬鞣革显示出较大的负面生态效应。本研究表明,发光细菌能够定量区分不同坯革的生态性,为坯革的综合生态性评价提供了一种方便、可行的方法。Leather industry plays an important role in our national economy,whereas both leather shavings and discarded leather products may pose potential environmental risks.This paper studied the species sensitivity of hexavalent chromium,formaldehyde,pentachlorophenol,tetrachlorophenol,o-phenylphenol,and nonylphenol which are hazardous substances concerned by global leather industry.The comparative analysis showed that luminescent bacteria had high sensitivity to these six substances.Then four types of dyed crust leather were collected from different factories and extracted with deionized water at a solid/liquid ratio of 1∶20 g/mL,100 rpm,and 25℃for 8 h.The ecotoxicity of the leachates was tested with Photobacterium phosphoreum,and the EC50 values of the crust leather tanned by chrome,organics,vegetable tannin,and zirconium-aluminum were 21.46%,26.76%,49.50%,and 88.56%,respectively,indicating the ecotoxicity of crust leathers followed the sequence based on tanning agent:chrome>organics>vegetable tannin>zirconium-aluminum,chrome tanned crust leather showed a large negative ecological effect.This study showed that luminescent bacteria can distinguish the ecotoxicity of different leathers,which provides a convenient and feasible method for comprehensive ecological evaluation of leather.

关 键 词：坯革 有害物质 敏感性分析 发光细菌 综合生态毒性 

分 类 号：TS57[轻工技术与工程—皮革化学与工程]