近10年黄、渤海海域入海气旋的统计特征和加强原因分析  

Statistic characteristics and strengthening analysis of cyclones over the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea in recent 10 years

作　　者：朱男男 熊秋芬[2] 胡田田 马建铭 王亚男 Zhu Nannan;Xiong Qiufen;Hu Tiantian;Ma Jianming;Wang Ya'nan(Tianjin Central Observatory for Oceanic Meteorology,Tianjin 300074,China;China Meteorological Administration Training Center,Beijing 100081,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory for Oceanic Meteorology,Tianjin 300074,China)

机构地区：[1]天津海洋中心气象台,天津300074 [2]中国气象局气象干部培训学院,北京100081 [3]天津市海洋气象重点实验室,天津300074

出　　处：《海洋学报》2021年第10期50-60,共11页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41675046);天津科委基金项目(16JCBJC21500);中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2019-008,CMAYBY2020-006);国家重点研发计划重点专项(2019YFC1510100)。

摘　　要：利用2008−2018年逐小时自动站资料、常规地面高空观测资料、NCEP-FNL资料,统计黄、渤海7级及以上气旋大风过程,围绕气旋加深率和气压梯度讨论气象因子与气旋强度和发展关系,根据Petterssen地面气旋发展公式讨论温度平流、涡度平流和非绝热加热在气旋中的作用。结果表明:(1)70.5%气旋入海后加强,14.7%成为爆发性气旋,17.6%气旋入海过程强度不变,11.7%气旋入海后减弱。影响黄、渤海的温带气旋过程主要发生在秋季,春冬季次之,夏季一次也没有出现过。入海发展的气旋多位于200 hPa高空急流出口左侧或者分流辐散区,入海减弱的气旋多位于高空急流出口右侧。(2)影响黄、渤海域的气旋有3类:自西北向东南移动的蒙古气旋(17.6%);自西向东移动的黄河气旋(49%);自西南向东北移动的江(黄)淮气旋(33.4%)。江(黄)淮气旋在秋季容易发展为爆发性气旋。黄河气旋和蒙古气旋入海后最大风区域通常出现在气旋的西北象限(或偏西象限),江(黄)淮气旋最大风区域出现在气旋的东南象限。(3)温度平流是气旋入海发展最重要的物理量因子,温度平流对气旋入海发展比对气旋强度更敏感。5次爆发性气旋过程中温度平流和涡度平流均高于其他气旋过程。非绝热加热与气旋强度的相关性较强,与气旋发展相关性弱。(4)江(黄)淮气旋过程中温度平流和非绝热加热较强,黄河气旋过程中涡度平流较强,涡度平流和非绝热加热对蒙古气旋的作用较弱。The hourly surface AWS data,conventional suface and radiosonde observation data and NCEP-FNL reanalysis data over the period of 2008−2018 were used for analyzing the cyclonic gale processes in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea.The cyclone deepening rate and the pressure gradient were also discussed to analyze the relationship between themeteorological factors and the strength of the cyclone.Based on the Petterssen equation of the surface cyclone development,the effects of temperature advection,vorticity advection and diabatic heating in cyclone development were discussed.The results show:(1)70.5%of the cyclones were strengthened after entering the sea,14.7%of them became explosive cyclones,17.6%of them were invariant,and 11.7%of them weakened.The extratropical cyclones which caused strong winds in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea mainly occurred in autumn,secondly in spring and winter,and hardly appeared in summer.The enter sea cyclones were developed on the leftside of the exit of upper-level jet stream or the diverging region,and weakened on the right side of the exit of upper-level jet stream.(2)There are three kinds of cyclones which have effects on the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea:the Mongolian cyclones(17.6%)which moved from the northwest to the southeast;the Yellow River cyclones(49%)moved from the west to the east,the Changjiang-Huaihe cyclones(33.4%)moved from the southwest to the northeast which tend to develop into explosive cyclones in autumn.The maximum wind speed region often appears in the northwest(or the west)quadrant of the cyclone in the autumn and winter season,and the maximum wind speed region appears in the southeast quadrant of the cyclone in the spring.(3)The correlation coefficient of the temperature advection and cyclone deepening rate is higher than that of vorticity advection and adiabatic heating.The correlation coefficient temperature advection and cyclone deepening rate,vorticity advection and cyclone deepening rate are greater than the correlation coefficient of the barometric gra

关 键 词：入海气旋 统计分析 爆发性气旋 温度平流 涡度平流 非绝热加热 

分 类 号：P732[天文地球—海洋科学]