绿洲灌区玉米干物质积累与产量构成对地膜覆盖方式的响应  

Dry matter accumulation and yield components of maize response to different utilization patterns of plastic film in oasis irrigation area

作　　者：何小七 殷文 苟志文 樊志龙 胡发龙 范虹 柴强 HE Xiaoqi;YIN Wen;GOU Zhiwen;FAN Zhilong;HU Falong;FAN Hong;CHAI Qiang(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2021年第5期62-68,共7页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR5RA037、20JR5RA025);国家“万人计划”科技创新领军人才项目;中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZCYD-2020-1-4).

摘　　要：【目的】深入研究西北干旱地区玉米高产、稳产和地膜减投生产技术.【方法】设置传统覆膜(CM)、少耕覆膜(RM)和免耕地膜2 a利用(NM)3种覆膜方式,探究不同地膜覆盖方式对玉米干物质积累及产量构成的影响.【结果】玉米的群体生长率,吐丝期前NM和RM处理分别较CM低43.0%、16.6%,而吐丝期至成熟期NM和RM处理比CM分别高31.7%、19.0%.最大群体生长率CM较NM处理高6.4%,且其出现天数前者较后者早7.6 d,NM通过维持生育后期较高的群体生长率补偿前期生长较慢的劣势.两年平均籽粒产量差异不显著;有效穗数NM、RM较CM分别低6.3%、10.3%,但NM、RM较CM穗粒数和千粒质量分别增加了8.6%、5.9%和6.9%、7.6%,NM通过直接促进玉米千粒质量间接保证穗粒数,弥补了有效穗数的减少而实现稳产增产.【结论】在西北绿洲灌区,免耕地膜2 a覆盖是既节约地膜又保证玉米稳产高产的可行措施.【Objective】In order to further explore that the technology of maintaining and increasing yield and plastic film reduction in Northwest arid areas.【Method】Including that traditional plastic film mulching(e.g.CM),film mulching in reduced-tillage(RM),and two years film mulching in no-tillage(NM).We study that dry matter accumulation and yield components of maize influence to different utilization patterns of plastic film.【Result】The crop growth rate of NM and RM treatments was 43.0%and 16.6%lower than that of CM,respectively,before the silking period.From the silking period to maturity period,the crop growth rate of NM and RM treatment was increased by 31.7%and 19.0%in comparison with CM treatments.The maximum crop growth rate of CM was increased by 6.4%,compared with the NM treatment.The emergence time of maximum crop growth rate was 7.6 days earlier than that of the former.The NM treatment compensates for the disadvantage of slower crop growth rate in the early stage by maintaining a higher crop growth rate in the later stage of growth.There was no significant different the yields of NM,RM and CM in 2017~2018.However,the ear number of NM and RM treatments were decreased by 6.3%and 10.3%,compared with the CM treatment.The grain number per ear and 1000-kernel weight of NM and RM treatments were increased by 8.6%,5.9%and 6.9%,7.6%,respectively,compared with the CM treatment.The NM treatment directly improve 1000-kernel weight,which indirectly increase the number of grains per ear and compensate for the ear number of maize in reduction.【Conclusion】To increased grain yields and decreased input of plastic film in maize production,two-year film mulching in no-tillage is a feasible measure in the Northwest oasis irrigation region.

关 键 词：免耕 地膜覆盖 干物质积累 产量构成 玉米 

分 类 号：S573[农业科学—作物学]