耕作措施对旱作春小麦籽粒糖代谢特征和产量的影响  

Effects of tillage practices on grain sugar metabolism and yield of spring wheat in rainfed areas

作　　者：刘雪宁 李玲玲[1] 谢军红[1] 杜常亮 曾敏 王进斌 LIU Xuening;LI Lingling;XIE Junhong;DU Changliang;ZENG Min;WANG Jinbin(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop sciences,College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2021年第5期92-100,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31761143004,31660373);甘肃省国际合作基地项目(GSPT-2018-56).

摘　　要：【目的】从糖代谢生理角度探究陇中旱农区耕作措施对春小麦产量的影响机制.【方法】研究依托2001年在陇中旱农区建立的不同耕作措施长期定位试验,探究了不同耕作措施下春小麦籽粒蔗糖和淀粉积累、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性动态变化及对产量的影响.试验共4个处理:传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆翻入(TS)、免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS).【结果】与T相比,NTS籽粒可溶性糖和蔗糖含量分别提高31.82%、7.44%;NT、TS、NTS提高了花后5 d内蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性,而NTS和TS能提高小麦籽粒蔗糖合成酶活性.NTS的淀粉含量和淀粉积累量较T分别增加29.24%、21.28%.春小麦籽粒产量表现为NTS>TS>NT>T,与T相比,NTS的籽粒产量增加23.90%,穗数和千粒质量分别增加53.93%、6.95%.【结论】免耕+秸秆覆盖可提高春小麦籽粒灌浆期糖代谢水平,促进淀粉积累、千粒质量和穗数有效增加,从而提高春小麦籽粒产量.【Object】In order to explore the mechanisms of tillage practices influencing yield of spring wheat based on the sugar metabolism physiology.The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different tillage practices on the sucrose and starch accumulation,activities of sucrose synthase(SS),sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),and yield of spring wheat.The study based on a long-term field experiment that was conducted at Longzhong region in 2001.【Method】The treatments included traditional tillage(T),no tillage(NT),traditional tillage+straw ploughing(TS),and no tillage+straw mulching(NTS).【Result】Compared to the T treatment,NTS increased the content of soluble sugar and sucrose by 31.82%and 7.44%respectively.The NT,TS,and NTS treatments increased the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase within 5 days after anthesis,NTS and TS increased the activity of sucrose synthase in wheat grain.The starch content and starch accumulation of NTS were 29.24%and 21.28%higher than that of T,respectively.Grain yield of spring wheat showed NTS>TS>NT>T,Compared with T,NTS increased grain yield by 23.90%,spike per area and 1000-grain weight by 53.93%and 6.95%.【Conclusion】No tillage plus straw mulching can improve the sugar metabolism level of spring wheat at filling stage,it can promote starch accumulation,increase 1000-grain weight and panicle number,so as to increase grain yield,and thus increase the grain yield of spring wheat.

关 键 词：春小麦 耕作措施 籽粒 蔗糖 淀粉 产量 旱作农业区 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311