龙眼果实脱落特性参数与果柄分离力的相关性分析  

Relativity Analysis Between Characteristic Parameters of Off-season Longan Abscission and Its Fruit Removal Force

作　　者：杨子琴[1] 李建国[2] 张蕾[1] 李松刚[1] 洪继旺 黄旭明[2] YANG Ziqin;LI Jianguo;ZHANG Lei;LI Songgang;HONG Jiwang;HUANG Xuming(Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Crops Va-rieties Improvement,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/海南省热带果树栽培工程技术研究中心,海南海口570100 [2]华南农业大学园艺学院/亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2021年第10期2986-2992,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室(No.SKLCUSA-b201601);国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系(No.CARS-33-28)。

摘　　要：海南反季节龙眼采前落果普遍发生,严重制约了反季节龙眼产业的发展。而果柄分离力可以反映果实离层活动的状况,成为果实脱落进程的重要指标,但未见在龙眼上使用的报道。本研究以DS2-1000 gf和DS2-5000 gf型推拉力仪检测果柄分离力,并分析果实脱落过程中各项生理特性参数,旨在弄清龙眼果实脱落过程中果柄分离力与果实碳水化合物、呼吸速率和离层细胞壁代谢酶活性的关系。数据表明反季节龙眼果实脱落过程中,果柄分离力的变化范围为0~3000 gf,且果柄分离力低于1000 gf会导致果实呈现脱落趋势;落果率与果柄分离力呈现显著负相关性(r=–0.984,P=0.000);果实总糖和淀粉含量与果柄分离力呈现显著正相关性,相关系数分别为0.942(P=0.005)和0.952(P=0.003);果柄呼吸耗氧速率与果柄分离力呈负相关性(r=–0.807,P=0.099);果柄离层纤维素酶和β-甘露聚糖酶活性也与果柄分离力呈显著分负相关性,相关系数分别为–0.936(P=0.019)和–0.954(P=0.002)。结果表明反季节龙眼果实脱落进程可用果柄分离力的变化体现,果实脱落进程伴随着果柄分离力的不断降低,与果柄细胞壁降解酶活性的增加呈线性关系;脱落的发生与碳水化合物含量关系密切,而高的果实呼吸消耗,可能加快果实脱落进程。Pre-harvest fruit abscission phenomenon is intensive in off-season longan in Hainan,China,which seriously restricts the development of the off-season longan.Pedicel detaching force or fruit removal force,reflecting the separation status of the abscission zone,has been adopted as a direct index reflecting the process of fruit abscission.However,there has been no report about its use in longan.The purpose of our study was to evaluate the use of pedicel detaching force to reflect fruit abscission in off-season longan and clarify its correlation with availability of carbohydrates,fruit respiration rate and activities of wall-degrading enzymes in the abscission zone.Small clusters of fruit were harvested and pedicel detaching force was measured using DS2-1000 gf or DS2-5000 gf force gauges every day.At the same time,correlation of various physiological parameters with pedicel detaching force was analyzed.The pedicel detaching force of the off-season longan of‘Chuliang’ranged between 0 and 3000 gf.When it became less than 1000 gf,the fruit was doomed to abscise.The cumulative abscission rate was significantly and negatively correlated to pedicel detaching force,with a coefficient of–0.948(P=0.000).Total sugar and starch content in fruit was significantly and positive correlated to pedicel detaching force with a correlation coefficient of 0.942(P=0.005)and 0.952(P=0.003),respectively.A moderate positive bud insignificant correlation was found between respiratory oxygen consumption and pedicel detaching force(r=–0.807,P=0.099).Activity of cellulase andβ-mannanase in the abscission zone was negatively correlated to pedicel detaching force,with a correlation coefficient of-0.936(P=0.019)and–0.954(P=0.002),respectively.The results showed changes in pedicel detaching force could be used to reflect the process of fruit abscission.Fruit abscission was accompanied by significant decrease in pedicel detaching force,which was highly correlated with carbohydrate availability and cell wall degrading enzyme activity in th

关 键 词：龙眼 果柄分离力 果实 脱落 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]