锁相同步型风机–同步机互联电力系统转子转速尺度暂态同步稳定性分析  

Transient Synchronous Stability of PLL-based Wind Power-synchronous Generation Interconnected Power System in Rotor Speed Control Timescale

作　　者：唐王倩云 周保荣 胡家兵[2] 郭泽仁 张睿[2] TANG Wangqianyun;ZHOU Baorong;HU Jiabing;GUO Zeren;ZHANG Rui(Electric Power Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,China South Grid,Guangzhou 510080,Guangdong Province,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology(Huazhong University of Science and Technology),Wuhan 430074,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司,广东省广州市510080 [2]强电磁工程与新技术国家重点实验室(华中科技大学),湖北省武汉市430074

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2021年第20期6900-6915,共16页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目(ZBKJXM 20180556);国家自然科学基金项目(51777083)。

摘　　要：为实现"碳达峰、碳中和",我国将构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统,风机将逐步替代同步机成为未来电力系统中的主力电源。迥异于由转子运动方程决定的同步发电机,风机暂态特性由其控制策略决定。这使得系统的同步过程由"物理主导同步"逐渐演变为"控制主导同步",导致电力系统暂态同步机制和稳定问题更为复杂。目前研究多采用数值仿真手段分析风机对同步机相对功角暂态稳定性的影响,对风机与同步机的暂态同步过程以及可能出现的暂态稳定问题认识尚不清晰。文中梳理以风电为主体的电力系统与传统电力系统暂态同步稳定问题的异同,并深入研究基于锁相同步的风电与同步机互联系统的同步过程。接着,以内电势为视角,分析不同控制方式下风机与同步机的转子转速尺度(秒级,与同步机机电尺度对应)暂态同步稳定性及失稳机理。结果表明,风机锁相同步机制会带来额外相位约束,并引发相位慢–快尺度单调失稳新现象;风机坐标变换会导致幅值/相位在装备内部产生耦合,并成为系统幅值–相位联合暂态失稳的新诱因。To peak carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality,a power system based on new energy will be built.Wind turbine(WT) is gradually replacing the synchronous machine(SG) to be a main resources in future.Different from SG,whose transient characteristic is decided by rotor speed equation,the transient characteristic of WT is determined by its control strategy.Thus,the synchronizing process of system gradually evolves from "physical-dominated synchronization"to "control-dominated synchronization".The transient synchronous mechanism and stability of power system are more complicated.Present researches usually apply numerical simulation to analyze the impact of WT on power angle transient stability of SG.However,there is not clearly understanding of the synchronous mechanism between WT and SG,much less to the possible transient synchronous stability problems.This paper lucubrated the synchronous process of PLL-based WT-SG connected power system.From the perspective of internal voltage,the transient stability and instability mechanism of WT in rotor speed control timescale(about seconds and corresponding to electromechanical timescale) were also analyzed.The results show that,the PLL-synchronized mechanism of WT brings an additional phase limitation to system,and leads to a new loss-ofsynchronism phenomenon.Besides,the rectangular-polar coordinate transformation of WT makes the amplitude and phase of its internal voltage coupled inherently,which is a new causation of the phase-amplitude jointly instability of power system.

关 键 词：风机 暂态同步稳定 内电势 锁相同步 失稳机理 新型电力系统 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]