将电负性研究新成果引入课堂,突破有机化学键性能理解难点  

Introducing the New Achievement of Electronegativity Research into Classroom to Break through the Difficulty of Understanding Organic Chemical Bonds

作　　者：曹朝暾[1] 曹晨忠[1] CAO Chaotun;CAO Chenzhong(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学化学化工学院,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《当代教育理论与实践》2021年第6期39-43,共5页Theory and Practice of Contemporary Education

基　　金：湖南省“有机化学课程群教学团队”;湖南省“精品课程(有机化学)”项目;湖南科技大学2019年教学改革研究一般项目“利用综述报告的形式提升化学专业学生核心素质”。

摘　　要：有机化合物含有不同的官能团,分子骨架中的碳原子可以不同的杂化态形成化学键,这使得有机化合物化学键性能呈现多样性。采用原子电负性无法解释不同官能团以及碳原子不同杂化态对化学键性能带来的差异,给化学键性能的理解带来困难。将电负性研究新成果引入教学课堂,利用碳原子不同杂化态的轨道电负性和电负性均衡原理的概念及其计算方法,计算出碳原子杂化轨道电负性和基团电负性,讨论X-C化学键能、C-C和H-C键长、H-C键酸性以及H-G中1H NMR化学位移的变化规律。用作图的方式,让学生直观地看到有机化合物中化学键性能的变化趋势,突破教学难点,收到良好效果。Organic compounds contain different functional groups,and the carbon atoms in the molecular framework can form chemical bonds via different hybrid states,which makes the chemical bond properties of organic compounds present a variety of characteristics.The differences in chemical bond properties caused by different functional groups and different hybrid states of carbon atoms cannot be explained with the atomic electronegativities,which brings difficulties to the understanding of chemical bond properties.In this paper,the authors introduce the new achievement of electronegativity research into classroom,calculate the orbital electronegativity of carbon atoms in different hybrid states and group electronegativity via the concept of orbital electronegativity and electronegativity equilibrium principle and its calculation method,and then discuss the change rules of X-C chemical bond energy,C-C and H-C bond length,H-C bond acidity and 1H NMR chemical shift in molecules H-G.Graphical presentation is used to allow students to see the changing trend of chemical bond properties in organic compounds intuitively,and allow teachers to overcome the difficulties in teaching.

关 键 词：杂化轨道电负性 基团电负性 化学键能 化学键长 ^(1)H核磁共振化学位移 

分 类 号：G642.0[文化科学—高等教育学]