锌与尿素物理混合和熔融混合对玉米产量及肥料氮、锌利用的影响  

Impact of physical and melting mixing of zinc and urea on maize yield and fertilizer nitrogen and zinc use

作　　者：赵丽芳 袁亮[1] 张水勤[1] 赵秉强[1] 林治安[1] 李燕婷[1] ZHAO Li-fang;YUAN Liang;ZHANG Shui-qin;ZHAO Bing-qiang;LIN Zhi-an;LI Yan-ting(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第10期1714-1724,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200403)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究锌与尿素以不同混合方式施用对玉米干物质量、籽粒产量及氮、锌利用的影响,以期为锌与尿素科学配施及新型含锌尿素的研制提供理论与实践依据。【方法】将硫酸锌(ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O)按0.5%和5%(W/W)添加量与^(15)N标记尿素分别进行物理混合(U+Zn)和熔融混合(UZn),制备^(15)N标记的含锌尿素试验产品:U+Zn0.5、U+Zn5、UZn0.5和UZn5。设置玉米土柱栽培试验,包括分别施用以上4种含锌尿素,另外还包括单施尿素(U)、硫酸锌和不施氮肥(CK)共7个处理。玉米成熟后,将植株地上部样品分为茎秆、叶片、苞叶、穗轴、籽粒5部分,调查分析干物质量、氮锌含量和^(15)N丰度;采集0—30、30—60、60—90 cm土层的土壤样品,测定氮和有效锌含量以及^(15)N丰度。【结果】熔融含锌尿素处理(UZn0.5、UZn5)的玉米穗粒数显著高于普通尿素和物理混合含锌尿素处理,UZn0.5与UZn5之间无显著差异。UZn0.5和UZn5处理的玉米总吸氮量和肥料氮吸收量显著高于普通尿素处理。另外,与普通尿素相比,锌与尿素熔融混合提高了籽粒锌累积量,其中UZn0.5处理较U处理显著提高62.08%(P<0.05)。在0.5%水平下,UZn0.5处理较U+Zn0.5处理提高了籽粒锌累积量,其锌肥利用率提高了2.4倍。在熔融混合方式下,0.5%用量(UZn0.5)的籽粒锌累积量较5%用量(UZn5)显著提高46.82%(P<0.05),锌肥利用率提高8.43个百分点。UZn0.5在0—60 cm土层的肥料氮残留量显著高于U+Zn0.5和U处理,且UZn0.5处理肥料氮在施肥层(0—30 cm)的残留量显著高于UZn5处理;物理和熔融法制备的含锌肥料氮的损失率均低于普通尿素处理,熔融法肥料又低于物理混合肥料。【结论】将硫酸锌与尿素熔融混合较物理混合更能够增加玉米干物质量和籽粒产量,促进玉米对肥料氮和锌的吸收,增加籽粒氮、锌累积量。与物理混合法相比,熔融法制备的含锌尿素可提高肥料氮在土壤中的�【Objectives】This study examined the effects of combining zinc(Zn)and urea in different ways on dry matter and grain yield,quality,and utilization of nitrogen(N)and Zn by maize.The results will provide a scientific basis for the best combination of zinc and urea to develop new zinc-containing urea fertilizer.【Methods】0.5 and 5 parts of Zn sulfate heptahydrate were mixed into 99.5 and 95 parts of ^(15)N-label urea(w/w)by physical(U+Zn)and fusion methods(UZn)to prepare four Zn-containing urea products:U+Zn0.5,U+Zn5,UZn0.5,and UZn5.A maize pot experiment was carried out with the four products,with pure urea,Zn SO_(4)·7H_(2)O,and blank(No N)as control.At maturity,maize shoots were harvested and divided into five parts(leaf,stem,bract,cob,and grain)to determine dry biomass,N contents,15N abundance,and Zn content.Soil samples in 0−30,30−60,and 60−90 cm depth were collected for the determination of N,available Zn content,and ^(15)N abundance.【Results】Compared with the pure urea and U+Zn treatments,UZn0.5 and UZn5(P<0.05)increased the maize grains per ear.There was no significant difference between UZn0.5 and UZn5.Further,UZn0.5 and UZn5 treatments increased total N and fertilizer N absorption of maize,increased Zn accumulation in the grains,with UZn0.5 increasing by 62.08%over the common urea.Compared with the physical mixture and common urea treatments,UZn0.5(P<0.05)increased the residual nitrogen of fertilizer in 0−60 cm soil depth,and UZn0.5(P<0.05)increased that in 0−30 cm soil depth than UZn5.In contrast,the physically mixed fertilizer did not significantly affect fertilizer residue other than in CK.Both physical and fusion mixtures of Zn and urea significantly decreased fertilizer N loss;however,the fusion mixture's effect was significantly higher than physical mixtures.【Conclusions】Mixing Zn and urea by fusion showed a much better effect than physical mixture in increasing maize growth,grain yield,the absorption of fertilizer N and Zn,and Zn accumulation in grains.Compared with the physi

关 键 词：含锌尿素 物理混合 熔融混合 ^(15)N示踪技术 肥料氮去向 肥料氮利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]