有机肥/秸秆替代化肥模式对设施菜田土壤氮循环功能基因丰度的影响  

Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with manure and/or straw on the abundance of functional genes related to soil N-cycling

作　　者：马龙 高伟[2] 栾好安 唐继伟[1] 李明悦[2] 黄绍文[1] MA Long;GAO Wei;LUAN Hao-an;TANG Ji-wei;LI Ming-yue;HUANG Shao-wen(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Tianjin Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Tianjin 300192,China;College of Forestry,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081 [2]天津市农业资源与环境研究所,天津300192 [3]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第10期1767-1778,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助;国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0201001)。

摘　　要：【目的】利用天津市农业科学院西青区基地日光温室的蔬菜有机肥/秸秆替代化肥模式定位试验,分析不同施肥模式下设施春茬番茄盛果期土壤氮循环功能基因丰度、硝化潜势(PNR)及N_(2)O排放量的差异,为设施菜田可持续健康发展提供科学依据。【方法】定位试验始于2009年,共设置来源于化肥(CF)、有机肥(M)和玉米秸秆(S)不同比例的6个等氮磷钾处理,分别为:4/4CF、3/4CF+1/4M、2/4CF+2/4M、1/4CF+3/4M、2/4CF+1/4M+1/4S、2/4CF+2/4S。在第20茬设施蔬菜(春茬番茄盛果期)采集0-20 cm土壤样品,测定土壤氮循环相关指标。【结果】(1)含有机肥/秸秆处理土壤的PNR较4/4CF处理平均增加72.9%,其中仅配施有机肥3个处理平均增加了107.0%,而配施秸秆两个处理显著低于含有机肥的2/4CF+2/4M、1/4CF+3/4M处理。(2)与4/4CF处理相比,有机肥/秸秆替代处理土壤反硝化过程功能基因NapAB、NirS、NorB、NosZ丰度平均分别增加了19.9%、20.4%、19.1%、2.3%,硝酸盐异化还原成铵过程功能基因NirB丰度平均增加了25.9%,而土壤硝化过程功能基因AmoA、AmoB、AmoC、Hao,以及硝酸盐异化还原成铵过程功能基因NrfH丰度平均分别降低了37.9%、46.3%、33.8%、65.5%、8.8%。(3)与4/4CF处理相比,有机肥/秸秆替代处理土壤0~28天N_(2)O累计排放量平均增加了59.6%。(4)Spearman相关性分析表明,土壤PNR与土壤有机碳(r=0.37)、铵态氮(r=0.47)、土壤N_(2)O累计排放量(r=0.56)以及反硝化过程功能基因NapAB(r=0.78)、NirK(r=0.21)和NorB(r=0.53)呈显著正相关关系,与土壤pH(r=-0.40)呈显著负相关关系;土壤N_(2)O累计排放量与土壤有机碳(r=0.90)、全氮(r=0.83)、硝态氮(r=0.83)、铵态氮(r=0.64)及反硝化过程功能基因NapAB(r=0.67)、NirK(r=0.49)、NirS(r=0.36)和NorB(r=0.88)呈显著正相关关系,与土壤pH(r=-0.52)和硝化过程功能基因AmoA(r=-0.62)、AmoB(r=-0.64)、AmoC(r=-0.71)和Hao(r=-0.77)呈显著负相关关系。冗余分析【Objectives】This study analyzed the abundance of functional genes related to soil N cycling,potential nitrification rate(PNR)and N_(2)O emission fluxes under different fertilization patterns to provide a scientific basis for the efficient use of organic materials in greenhouse vegetable production.【Methods】We conducted a greenhouse vegetable fertilization experiment on a fixed-site located in Xiqing District,Tianjin City.This experiment started in 2009.There were six treatments with equal NPK rate but different chemical fertilizer(CF)ratio,pig manure(M),and maize straw(S)in the local field experiment.The treatments were 4/4CF,3/4CF+1/4M,2/4CF+2/4M,1/4CF+3/4M,2/4CF+1/4M+1/4S,and 2/4CF+2/4S.Soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm depth at the full-fruit stage of spring tomato(the 20th vegetable season)to analyse indicators related to soil N cycling.【Results】(1)Compared with 4/4CF,the other treatments increased soil PNR by an average of 72.9%;the M-amended treatments increased PNR by 107.0%.The S-amended treatments(P<0.05)decreased soil PNR compared to 2/4CF+2/4M and 1/4CF+3/4M.(2)Compared with 4/4CF,functional genes abundance in organic-amended soils increased by 19.9%,20.4%,19.1%,and 2.3%for NapAB,NirS,NorB,and NosZ(denitrification genes),and by 25.9%for NirB(dissimilatory nitrate reduction gene).The abundance of AmoA,AmoB,AmoC,Hao(nitrification genes),and NrfH(dissimilatory nitrate reduction genes)decreased by 37.9%,46.3%,33.8%,65.5%,and 8.8%,respectively.(3)N2O cumulative emission fluxes during 0 to 28 days increased by 59.6%compared with 4/4CF treatment.(4)The correlation coefficient(r-value)of PNR was 0.37 for soil organic C,0.47 for ammonium N,0.56 for N2O cumulative emission fluxes,0.78 for NapAB,0.21 for NirK,0.53 for NorB,and-0.40 for pH.Moreover,the correlation coefficient(r-value)of soil N2O cumulative emission fluxes was 0.90 for soil organic C,0.83 for total N and nitrate N,0.64 for ammonium N,0.67 for NapAB,0.49 for NirK,0.36 for NirS,0.88 for NorB,-0.52 for pH,-0.62 for AmoA,-0.64 for AmoB

关 键 词：有机肥/秸秆替代化肥模式 硝化势 功能基因 N_(2)O排放量 番茄 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]