采收前15天施肥利于富士苹果树^(15)N的吸收、分配及贮藏营养的积累  

Applying nitrogen fertilizer at 15 days before harvest is suitable for the absorption and distribution of ^(15)N and accumulation of storage reserves in Fuji apple tree

作　　者：杨安 李燕青[1] 李壮[1] 程存刚[1] 张艳珍 解斌 张海棠 YANG An;LI Yan-qing;LI Zhuang;CHENG Cun-gang;ZHANG Yan-zhen;XIE Bin;ZHANG Hai-tang(Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits,Liaoning Province/Comprehensive Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biology,Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingcheng,Liaoning 125100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室/辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室/中国农业科学院果树研究所果树生物学综合实验室,辽宁兴城125100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第10期1806-1819,共14页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP);国家苹果产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-27);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助。

摘　　要：【目的】研究秋施肥时间对富士苹果氮素吸收、分配及树体贮藏营养的影响。【方法】以4年生烟富3/M26/山定子苹果为试材,采用^(15)N同位素示踪尿素进行了施用时间盆栽试验。试验设5个施肥时间处理,分别为采收前45天(9月10日)、30天(9月25日)、15天(10月10日)、当天(10月25日)和采收后15天(11月10日)。每株(每盆)施同位素标记尿素5 g(^(15)N丰度10.1%),普通尿素16.55 g,磷酸二氢钾20 g。12月底在果树完全进入休眠期后对树体进行解剖,测定了各组织^(15)N吸收量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量。【结果】不同施肥时间对植株各器官的Ndff值影响显著。采收前45、30、15天施肥处理各器官的Ndff值均高于采收当天和采收后15天施肥处理。植株整体15N吸收量及肥料利用率均以采收前15天施肥处理最高。而采收前45、30、15天施肥处理的植株地上部各组织的^(15)N吸收量高于采收当天和采收后15天施肥处理。采收前15天施肥处理侧根^(15)N吸收量显著高于采收后15天施肥处理,植株叶片(落叶)中的可溶性糖含量、分配比例最低,分别为4.62 g和7.46%;采收前15天和采收当天施肥的植株主干木质部可溶性蛋白的分配比例显著高于采收前45天和采收后15天施肥处理,前二者分配比例分别为6.22%和6.09%。侧根可溶性蛋白的分配比例在采收前15天、采收当天、采收后15天施肥处理之间没有显著差异,但均显著高于采收前45天施肥处理。【结论】从养分吸收及树体贮藏营养综合来看,本地区富士苹果适宜的秋施肥时间为采收前15天左右。【Objectives】We studied the nitrogen uptake,distribution and storage of photosynthate in Fuji apples as affected by autumn fertilization time for efficient and nutrient management in apple production.【Methods】Potted 4-year-old Fuji 3/M26/Malus baccata apples were used as materials to conduct a ^(15)N isotope tracing pot experiment.The five fertilization date treatments were at 45 days before harvest(45BH),30 days before harvest(30BH),15 days before harvest(15BH),the harvest day(HD),and 15 days after harvest(15AH).The fertilizer rate for all the five treatments was 5 g of isotopes urea(^(15)N abundance 10.1%),16.55 g of common urea and 20 g of monopotassium phosphate.The trees were dissected when the fruit trees had completely entered dormancy,and the ^(15)N uptake,soluble sugar and soluble protein contents of each tissue were determined.【Results】The Ndff values of fruit,annual branches,perennial branches,main stem,and intermediate rootstock of the plant were significantly affected by fertilization date.Ndff values of all organs in 45BH,30BH and 15BH treatment were higher than HD and 15AH treatment.The plant ^(15)N uptake and fertilizer utilization were significantly different among the five treatments,with 15BH treatment eliciting the highest overall plant ^(15)N uptake and fertilizer utilization.The uptake of ^(15)N in the aboveground tissues were higher in 45BH,30BH treatment than in HD and 15AH treatment.The ^(15)N uptake by lateral roots in 15 BH treatment was significantly higher than in 15AH treatment.The soluble sugar content(4.62 g)and distribution ratio(7.46%)in fallen leaves were the lowest in 15BH treatment.The distribution ratio of soluble protein in xylem of trunk in 15BH and HD treatment,which were 6.22%and 6.09%,respectively,were significantly higher than in 45BH,15AH treatments.The distribution ratio of soluble protein in lateral roots in 15BH treatment was significantly higher than that in 45BH.【Conclusions】From a comprehensive view of nutrient uptake and photosynthate storage in a

关 键 词：苹果 施肥时间 ^(15)N 可溶性糖 可溶性蛋白 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]