R&D补贴与商前采购:互补还是互替——创新政策过程视角的比较研究  

Complementation or Substitution:R&D Subsidy and PCP:A Comparative Research Based on Innovation Policy Process

作　　者：刘京[1] 胡丽萍 康晓玲[1] 张霞[1] Liu Jing;Hu Liping;Kang Xiaoling;Zhang Xia(School of Economics and Management, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学经济与管理学院,陕西西安710071

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2021年第22期107-115,共9页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：陕西省科技计划项目(2019KRM116);陕西省社会科学基金项目(2020R006)。

摘　　要：科技创新体系绩效不仅取决于单项政策效果,更取决于政策间的组合效应。运用两组案例,从政策过程视角对R&D补贴与商前采购(PCP)的项目筛选机制和项目管理机制进行比较分析,结果表明,PCP与R&D补贴同时存在互补和互替关系。作为一种新兴创新政策工具,PCP不仅同样具备缓解研发融资约束的功能,还存在两个方面的潜在优势:一是有利于采购方发挥需求信息和应用环境信息方面的优势;二是在政策执行机制上更加精准,特别适用于实现“点的突破”。积极引入新工具扩充创新政策“工具箱”,在认清工具属性基础上,发挥各种工具的独特优势,对优化创新政策组合设计,提升科技创新体系绩效具有重要价值。The performance of science and technology innovation system depends on the effectiveness of individual policies,as well as the combined effects of policies.From the perspective of policy process,two sets of cases are used to compare the project screening mechanism and project management mechanism of R&D subsidy with those of pre-commercial procurement(PCP).The research findings show that PCP complements and substitutes for R&D subsidy at the same time.As an emerging innovation policy tool,PCP not only loosens financial constraints,but also has two potential advantages:first,it is beneficial for procurers to give play to their strength of demand information andapplication environment information;second,it is more accurate"in the implementation mechanism of the policy,especially suitable for the"breakthrough at point".New tools should be introduced actively to expand innovation policy toolkit and the unique advantage of various tools should be exploited based on the understanding of the tool attributes.This has important implications for optimizing the design of innovation policy mix and for improving the performance of science and technology innovation system.

关 键 词：R&D补贴 商前采购 政策过程 政策组合 

分 类 号：F204[经济管理—国民经济]