美国专利法域外适用制度:流变、适用与启示  

The Extraterritorial Application System of American Patent Law:Evolution,Application and Enlightenment

作　　者：单娟 Shan Juan(School of Law,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China;College of Humanity and Law,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266510,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,吉林长春130012 [2]山东科技大学文法学院,山东青岛266510

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2021年第22期116-123,共8页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：山东省高等学校青创科技计划项目(2020RWB003)。

摘　　要：专利权被认为是最具有领土性的权利,长期以来,专利保护的国内立法和国际条约均未突破专利权的地域性。随着专利跨国保护重要性与专利权地域性的矛盾日益突出,在美国专利权人的游说下,美国国会不断修订专利法,赋予部分规则域外效力以规制境外组装、境外制造等境外行为;同时,美国法院在司法实践中对这些规则的界限和范围表现出不确定性。但总体而言,这些规则的实践进一步实现了美国专利权人维权与竞争的双重功能,起到促进美国专利创新与维护国家利益的作用。中国处于从专利引进大国向创造大国转变的特殊时期,立法上应未雨绸缪确立适度的符合中国现实的专利权保护域外规则,同时应注意积极调动私人能动作用和发挥法院的积极作用。Patent right is considered to be the most territorial right.For a long time,domestic legislation and international treaties on patent protection have broken through the regionality of patent rights.With the deepening of globalization and the regional contradiction of patent rights,with the lobbying of the US patentees,the US Congress has constantly revised the patent law to give some rules extraterritorial effect to regulate overseas activities such as overseas assembly and overseas manufacturing.At the same time,the US courts show uncertainty on the boundaries and scope of these rules in judicial practice.But generally speaking,the practice of these rules has further realized the dual functions of the patentee's rights protection and competition in the United States,and played an important role in both patent innovation and national interests.China is in a special period of transformation from a major power of patent introduction to a big country of patent creation.In legislation,we should take precautions to establish appropriate extraterritorial rules to protect patent rights in line with China's reality.At the same time,we should pay attention to actively mobilize private initiative and play the positive role of the court.

关 键 词：美国专利法 专利法域外适用 专利权地域性 专利保护 

分 类 号：DF523[政治法律—民商法学]