2608名噪声岗位男性健康损害及影响因素分析  

Analysis on the health damage and influencing factors of 2608 male workers exposed to noise

作　　者：李燕茹[1] 谢春姣[1] 鲍二宝 段丹萍[1] 汤永翔 白卢皙[1] 丘丛玺[1] 刘移民 LI Yan-ru;XIE Chun-jiao;BAO Er-bao;DUAN Dan-ping;TANG Yong-xiang;BAI Lu-xi;QIU Cong-xi;LIU Yi-min(Centre of health surveillance,Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou 510620,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院健康监护中心,广东广州510620 [2]广州医科大学职业与环境卫生研究所,广东广州510180

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2021年第5期361-365,共5页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(A2020340);广州市卫生健康科技项目(20191A010038);广州市医学重点学科建设项目(穗卫科教[2016]27号);广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目(穗卫函[2019]1555号);广州市“121人才梯队工程”后备人才项目(穗人社发[2011]167号)。

摘　　要：目的探讨某汽车制造企业噪声岗位男性健康情况及影响因素。方法选取某汽车制造企业噪声岗位2 608名男性工人为研究对象,进行双耳6个频段的纯音气导听阈测试和耳科检查,并对其进行常规健康检查及现场问卷调查。结果听力、血压、心电图、肝功能异常检出率分别为34.47%、2.80%、25.61%和5.06%。单因素分析显示,已婚、年龄>25岁、接噪工龄>10 a、接触噪声声级>90 dB(A)及上白班工人的听力异常检出率最高(P<0.05)。随着年龄(χ^(2)=15.316)及接噪工龄(χ^(2)=14.928)的增长,工人听力异常检出率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着BMI的增长,工人的血压异常检出率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.069,P<0.05);随着年龄、接噪工龄及BMI的增长,工人的心电图异常检出率呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为12.178、7.214及17.206,P<0.05);随着年龄(χ2=4.339)及接噪工龄(χ^(2)=7.202)的增长,工人肝功能异常检出率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,接噪工龄、接触噪声声级和上班工作制白班是听力异常发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05);BMI是血压异常及肝功能异常发生的独立危险因素,随着BMI增长,发生血压异常(OR=1.158)及肝功能异常(OR=1.296)的患病风险越来越高(P<0.01),心电图异常的患病风险越来越小(OR=0.940,P<0.01)。结论职业性噪声可造成听力损害,BMI可造成血压升高及肝功能异常改变,应完善噪声防护措施,加强个体防护,切实保护劳动者健康。Objective To explore the health status and influencing factors of male noise-exposure workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise. Methods A total of 2608 male workers were selected as the research objects, who were tested with pure tone air conduction threshold test and otology examination in 6 frequency bands of both ears.The routine health examination and on-the-spot questionnaire survey were carried out. Results The detection rate of hearing abnormality was 34.47%,blood pressure abnormality was 2.80%,ECG abnormality was 25.61%,liver function abnormality was 5.06%.Univariate analysis showed that the highest rate of abnormal hearing was found in married, over 25-year-old, over 10-year of working length exposed to noise, over 90 dB(A) exposed to noise, and day shift workers(P< 0.05).With the increase of age and working length of exposure to noise, an upward trend of the detection rate of hearing abnormality was found, and the difference was statistically significant(age: χ^(2) trend value was 15.316,working length of exposure to noise: χ^(2) trend value was 14.928,P<0.05).With the increase of BMI,the detection rate of blood pressure abnormality showed an upward trend, and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2) trend value was 15.069,P<0.05).With the increase of age, years of exposed to noise and BMI,the detection rate of abnormal ECG showed a downward trend in the workers, the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2) trend value was 12.178,7.214 and 17.206,P< 0.05).With the increase of age and working length of exposure to noise, the detection rate of abnormal liver function showed an upward trend in the workers, the difference was statistically significant(age: χ2 trend value was 4.339,working length of exposure to noise: χ^(2) trend value was 7.202,P< 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the working length of exposure to noise, exposure noise level and working day shift were independent risk factors for hearing disorders(P< 0.05);BMI was an independent risk

关 键 词：男性 噪声 听力损失 高血压 肝功能 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]