大学教师文化的日本特征:传统、现实及变化趋势  

University Teachers in Japan:Fading Feature and Faint Future

作　　者：金子元久[1] 徐国兴(译) 鲍威(校)[3] KANEKO Motohisa

机构地区：[1]筑波大学,日本筑波 [2]华东师范大学教育学部 [3]北京大学教育学院

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2021年第3期1-20,188,共21页Peking University Education Review

摘　　要：本文结合历史发展和国际比较的视角,基于大规模调查,定量分析日本大学教师文化(信念和行为)的独特性以及21世纪的主要变化趋势。结果表明,相较于美国和德国同行,日本大学教师在信念和行为上存在明显的“重研轻教”倾向、特别是本科教学遭到忽视,该特征的形成与日本高等教育长期发展的历史独特性密切相关。进入21世纪以来,在各种外部因素的综合影响下,日本政府、高校组织和大学教师个体也逐渐开始强调和重视本科教学。但从整体而言,大学教师信念与行为的根本性转变固然重要,却还面临多层次的客观难题,绝非瞬时而轻易可成。Based on several sets of survey data,from the perspectives of developmental history and international comparison,this study has analyzed university teachers’idea and behavior in Japan.The main finding shows as follows.Compared with their colleagues from the USA or Germany,generally,Japanese university teachers often give more attention and effort to research activity than to undergraduate teaching activity.This is the direct result of the system development of higher education.However,with the advent of the 21st century,the government,universities,and individual teachers all are heavily engaged in undergraduate teaching.Despite all that,it is rather difficult for the idea and behavior of university teachers to change closely with the needs of society in Japan.

关 键 词：日本高等教育 大学教师文化 科研 教学 变化趋势 

分 类 号：G645.13[文化科学—高等教育学]