比较视野下欧美主要国家院士群体的学科布局演进发展特点浅析  

Preliminary Study on the Disciplinary Development Characteristics of the Academician Group in the Major European and American Countries under the Comparative Perspective

作　　者：王文君 李宏 陈晓怡 葛春雷 王婷 WANG Wen-jun;LI Hong;CHEN Xiao-yi;GE Chun-lei;WANG Ting(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;Institute of Strategy Research for Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area,Guangzhou 510070;School of Public and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]粤港澳大湾区战略研究院,广州510070 [3]中国科学院大学公共管理学院,北京100049

出　　处：《全球科技经济瞭望》2021年第9期68-76,共9页Global Science，Technology and Economy Outlook

摘　　要：院士制度作为一个国家科学体制化的标志性产物,从一定程度上影响着一个国家科学的发展和学科的演进。在比较视野下,本研究梳理了欧美主要国家院士群体学科发展的历程,对美英德法四国的院士增选制度、学部及学科布局、学部在增选中发挥的影响,以及过去20年院士群体学科发展态势进行了分析和比较。在此基础上,总结了欧美主要国家院士群体学科布局演进特点,旨在为我国院士群体学科布局及建设提供借鉴。Academician system,as a symbolic product of national science system,affects a country’s scientific research strength and discipline development to a certain extent.From a comparative perspective,this paper sorts out the course of discipline development of academician teams in major countries in Europe and the United States,analyzes and compares the co-optation system of academicians in the division and discipline layout,the influence of the division in co-optation,and the discipline development trend of academician teams in the United States,UK,Germany and France in the past 20 years.On this basis,this paper summarizes the characteristics of the discipline development of academician teams in major European countries and the United States,in order to provide reference and experience for the discipline layout and construction of academician teams in China.

关 键 词：院士群体 学科发展 科技创新 

分 类 号：G359.3[文化科学—情报学]