严重沙化草地治理效果分析  

Effects of Improvement Strategy on Severely Desertified Grassland

作　　者：乌日拉嘎 刘慧洁 萨如拉 郝巴雅斯胡良 乌亚罕 特木尔布和 Wurilaga;LIU Hui-jie;Sarula;Haobayasihuliang;Wuyahan;Temuerbuhe(College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;New Technology Extension Office of Modern Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of Otog Front Banner of Ordos City,Otog Front Banner 016100,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]鄂尔多斯市鄂托克前旗现代农牧业新技术推广办公室,内蒙古鄂托克前旗016100

出　　处：《畜牧与饲料科学》2021年第5期55-60,共6页Animal Husbandry and Feed Science

基　　金：农业农村部公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201303059)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究严重沙化草地治理效果,为草地治理、开发和合理利用提供参考。[方法]2015-2017年,在严重沙化治理区采用同行条播方式混播紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)、草木樨(Melilotus officinalis)、羊柴(Hedysarum laeve)、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)和老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)6种优良牧草。以自由放牧区为对照,采用棋盘式取样法进行植物种类调查;测定植物多度、频度、盖度、高度和产量;对植物CO_(2)吸收率、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度进行测定,并进行多元相关分析;计算植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数,测定土壤养分含量及电导率。[结果]严重沙化草地治理后植物种类由治理前(2015年)的14种,分别上升到2018年、2019年和2020年的72、83和97种;与自由放牧区相比,严重沙化治理区牧草的平均高度、盖度、多度、频度及产量均显著(P<0.05)提高;严重沙化治理区的CO_(2)吸收率、光合速率、蒸腾速率及气孔导度均显著(P<0.05)高于自由放牧区,蒸腾速率与光合速率(P<0.05)、气孔导度与蒸腾速率(P<0.05)、牧草产量与光合速率(P<0.05)和蒸腾速率(P<0.01)具有显著或极显著正相关关系;严重沙化治理区和自由放牧区的主要牧草Shannon-Wiener多样性指数具有显著(P<0.05)差异;严重沙化治理区土壤的有机质、速效磷、速效钾含量以及土壤电导率显著(P<0.05)高于自由放牧区。[结论]严重沙化草地经过治理植物种类数量剧增,牧草生产水平和草地生态效益大幅度提升,土壤养分显著改善。[Objective]To ascertain the effects of improvement strategy on severely desertified grassland,and to provide references for management,development and rational use of grassland.[Method]From the year of 2015 to 2017,mixed seeding of 6 varieties of high-quality forages sowed with drilling method,including Medicago sativa,Astragalus adsurgens,Melilotus officinalis,Hedysarum laeve,Elymus dahuricus and Elymus sibiricus,were set in a severely desertified grassland area.Using free-grazing area as control,the plant species were investigated by chessboard-sampling method;the abundance,frequency,coverage,height and yield of the plants were determined;the CO_(2) absorption rate,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the plants were assessed and subjected to multivariate correlation analysis.Furthermore,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the plants was calculated,and the soil nutrient contents and electrical conductivity were determined.[Result]The number of plant species in severely desertified grassland increased from 14 before improvement(in the year of 2015)to 72,83 and 97 in the years of 2018,2019 and 2020 after improvement,respectively;compared with free-grazing area,the average abundance,frequency,coverage,height and yield of the forages in the improvement area were significantly(P<0.05)increased;this area had significantly(P<0.05)higher CO_(2) absorption rate,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in comparison with free-grazing area,and there were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlations between transpiration rate and photosynthetic rate(P<0.05),stomatal conductance and transpiration rate(P<0.05),forage yield and photosynthetic rate(P<0.05),as well as forage yield and transpiration rate(P<0.01);significant(P<0.05)differences in Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the main forage species between improvement area and free-grazing area were observed;the soil contents of organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium as well as so

关 键 词：严重沙化草地 自由放牧 牧草混播 治理效果 

分 类 号：S812.68[农业科学—草业科学]