黑龙江省大庆市草地蝗虫发生动态研究  

Occurrence Dynamics of Locusts on Grasslands in Daqing City of Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：任乃芃 曲善民 刘香萍 陆培演 常峰 符磊 鞠晓峰 REN Nai-peng;QU Shan-min;LIU Xiang-ping;LU Pei-yan;CHANG Feng;FU Lei;JU Xiao-feng(Department of Pratacultural Science,College of Animal Science and Technology,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Daqing City of Heilongjiang Province,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院草业科学系,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江省大庆市林业和草原局,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《畜牧与饲料科学》2021年第5期61-65,共5页Animal Husbandry and Feed Science

基　　金：黑龙江省林业和草原局资助项目(2041200053)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究草地不同程度人为干扰对蝗虫发生动态的影响,为草原有害生物防制提供参考。[方法]2018年5-8月,在黑龙江省大庆市让胡路区星火牧场、银浪牧场、红骥牧场分别设置轻度干扰、中度干扰、重度干扰的3个调查样地,调查样地蝗虫的种类、共有种、种群密度和种群随时间的变化规律。蝗虫种群密度调查采用样方法,使用昆虫立体罩网样方框进行调查;种类调查采用样方框法与扫网法相结合的方法。每周调查1次,共调查12次。[结果]3个样地共有蝗虫11种,不同程度干扰下优势种均为中华稻蝗,共有种为中华稻蝗、毛足棒角蝗、宽翅曲背蝗、大垫尖翅蝗、白边雏蝗、中华剑角蝗、笨蝗、黄胫小车蝗;重度干扰、中度干扰和轻度干扰的草地,蝗虫种类数分别为9种、10种、10种。蝗虫种群总密度由大到小顺序为重度干扰(5.10头/m^(2))>中度干扰(4.66头/m^(2))>轻度干扰(3.37头/m^(2)),差异显著(P<0.05);中华稻蝗、大垫尖翅蝗、宽翅曲背蝗、菱蝗、亚洲小车蝗种群密度在3种程度干扰草地差异显著(P<0.05)。5-8月,蝗虫种群密度呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,草地重度干扰下蝗虫种群密度高峰期早于中度干扰和轻度干扰。[结论]在3种人为干扰程度下,大庆市草地蝗虫优势种均为中华稻蝗;轻度干扰能够显著降低草地蝗虫种群密度,延后蝗虫数量高峰期的到达时间。[Objective]To assess the effects of different degrees of human disturbance on the occurrence dynamics of locusts on grasslands,and to provide references for grassland pest control.[Method]From May to August in the year of 2018,3 investigation sample plots with mild,moderate and severe disturbance were set up in Xinghuo pasture,Yinlang pasture and Hongji pasture in Ranghulu District of Daqing City of Heilongjiang Province,respectively,to assess the locust species,common species,population densities and population variations with time.The locust population densities were investigated by quadrat method with insect three-dimensional mesh enclosures and quadrat frame.The combination of quadrat frame sampling and sweep net sampling methods were used in the species surveys which were carried out once a week with a total of 12 times.[Result]A total of 11 species of locusts were observed in the 3 investigation sample plots,and Oxya chinensis was the dominant species in the grasslands with different degrees of disturbance.The common species were Oxya chinensis,Dasyhippus barbipes,Pararcyptera microptera meridionalis,Epacromius coerulipes,Chorthippus albomarginatus,Acrida cinerea,Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure and Oedaleus infernalis Saussure.The species numbers of locusts in grasslands with severe,moderate and mild disturbance were 9,10 and 10,respectively.The total population densities of locusts were in the order of severe disturbance(5.10 heads/m^(2))>moderate disturbance(4.66 heads/m^(2))>mild disturbance(3.37 heads/m^(2))with significant differences(P<0.05).The population densities of Oxya chinensis,Epacromius coerulipes,Pararcyptera microptera meridionalis,pygmy grasshoppers and Oedaleus decorus asiaticus among the grasslands with different degrees of disturbance were significantly different(P<0.05).From May to August,the locust population densities increased first and then decreased,and the presence of peak phase of locust population densities in grassland with severe disturbance was earlier than that in grassland

关 键 词：蝗虫 种群密度 人为干扰 草地 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学] Q969.26[农业科学—畜牧学]