临猗县冬枣园土壤肥力综合评价  

Assessment on Soil Fertility Status of Dongzao Jujube Orchards in Linyi County

作　　者：马光跃 卢桂宾[2] 陈红玉 杨俊强[1] 侯艳霞[2] 李玉莲 MA Guangyue;LU Guibin;CHEN Hongyu;YANG Junqiang;HOU Yanxia;LI Yulian(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030800;Shanxi Forestry Vocational and Technical College,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030009)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030800 [2]山西林业职业技术学院,山西太原030009

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第20期90-96,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：2020山西省重点研发计划专项资助项目(2020LYZY01)。

摘　　要：在临猗县抽样分析了24个冬枣园土壤有机质、速效氮、磷、钾及微量元素含量,了解临猗县冬枣种植区土壤肥力状况及科学评价土壤环境质量,以期为提高土壤管理水平提供参考依据。结果表明:土壤有机质含量范围为0.29%~1.10%,有效磷含量范围为1.09~17.55 mg·kg^(-1),2个指标在绝大多数地块含量极低;碱解氮含量范围为21.70~260.05 mg·kg^(-1),含量中等以上占比62.5%。速效钾含量范围为63~307 mg·kg^(-1),含量中等以上占比70.83%;pH范围为8.11~8.97,显示土壤为碱性和强碱性;其它微量元素含量不平衡,有效铁、锰足够,交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硼含量丰富,有效锌含量极低。通过主成分分析,将24个样地分为3个肥力等级,一等肥力样地数量在24块样地中占比37.5%、二等占比8.3%、三等占比54.2%。通过用主观与客观赋值相结合的方法进行权重分析,该区肥力指标权重依次为有效磷、有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、pH、有效铁、交换性钙、有效硼、有效锰、有效锌、交换性镁。因此在生产中要根据土壤养分丰缺,除重视有机质和大量元素的补充外,还要有针对性的补充极缺的微量元素,以提高肥料利用率、减少浪费,避免过量施用化肥或盲目补充微量元素肥造成土壤质量下降和环境污染。The contents of soil organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and trace elements in 24 Dongzao jujube orchards in Linyi county were sampled and analyzed,in order to comprehensively understand the soil fertility status and scientifically evaluate the soil environmental quality in Dongzao jujube planting area of Linyi County.The results showed that the content of soil organic matter ranged from 0.29%to 1.10%,and the content of available phosphorus ranged from 1.09 mg·kg^(-1)to 17.55 mg·kg^(-1),which were very low in most plots.The content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen ranged from 21.7 mg·kg^(-1)to 260.05 mg·kg^(-1),of which 62.5%was above medium level.The content of available potassium ranged from 63 mg·kg^(-1)to 307 mg·kg^(-1),of which 70.83%was above medium level.pH ranged from 8.11 to 8.97,indicating that the soil was alkaline and strongly alkaline.The contents of other trace elements were unbalanced,available iron and manganese were not deficient,exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium and available boron were abundant,but available zinc was very low.Through principal component analysis and cluster analysis,the 24 sampling plots were divided into three fertility grades.The number of first-class fertility plots accounted for 37.5%,the second-class fertility plots accounted for 8.3%,and the third-class fertility plots accounted for 54.2%.Using the method of subjective and objective evaluation,the weight of the indicators affecting soil fertility was analyzed.The order of weight was available phosphorus,organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium,pH,available iron,exchangeable calcium,available boron,available manganese,available zinc and exchangeable magnesium.Therefore,in production,in addition to paying attention to the application of organic matter and a large number of elements,we should also supplement the extremely deficient trace elements according to the abundance and deficiency of soil nutrients,so as to improve the utilization r

关 键 词：临猗县 冬枣种植区 主成分分析 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]