柏木低效人工林开窗初期草本层植物多样性及生态位  

Diversity and niche characteristics of herbaceous layer plants in the early stage of forest gap reconstruction of inefficient Cupressus funebris plantations

作　　者：陈露蔓 吕倩 刘思泽 罗艳 陈小红[1,2] 陈雨芩 陈刚 范川[1,2] 李贤伟[1,2,3] CHEN Luman;Lü Qian;LIU Size;LUO Yan;CHEN Xiaohong;CHEN Yuqin;CHEN Gang;FAN Chuan;LI Xianwei(College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River,Chengdu 611130,China;Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,成都611130 [2]长江上游森林资源保育与生态安全国家林业和草原局重点实验室,成都611130 [3]长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2021年第5期1178-1185,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑课题(2011BAC09B05);德国政府贷款四川林业可持续经营项目(G1403083);科技部2017年度项目(2017YFD0600302-05)资助。

摘　　要：草本层对环境变化较为敏感,能更快反映改造带来的影响.为改善柏木人工林生态服务功能,精准提升其森林质量,以川中丘陵区柏木低效人工林为研究对象,采用3种不同开窗尺度(50 m^(2)、100 m^(2)和200 m^(2))的改造方式,分析开窗1年后不同面积林窗的草本层植物多样性和生态位变化规律.结果显示:与对照林分相比,开窗后林地草本植物Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和丰富度指数显著提高(P<0.05),并在100 m^(2)林窗内均达到最优,随着林窗面积(50-200 m^(2))的增大,不同指数的变化不尽相同,均匀度指数持续增加,Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数均先增后稳,丰富度指数先稳后降,100 m^(2)为变化趋势转变的分界点.对照林地内喜阴植物地果生态位宽度最大,开窗后更新物种如喜阳植物五节芒对环境的适应和利用资源的能力更强,生态位宽度不断拓宽;随着林窗面积(50-200 m^(2))的增大,林地内草本群落整体呈现阳性-中性的演替格局,由于开窗时间较短,更新物种还处于资源利用扩张阶段,各处理草本植物间生态位重叠度值均低(<0.1),生态位分化差异较大,种间竞争小,生态位宽度与生态位重叠度之间的变化规律并不明显,其中100 m^(2)林窗内草本层整体生态位分化更均匀.本研究表明开窗初期能够提升林地草本层植物多样性,改变草本群落结构,从生物多样性功能提升和生态系统稳定的角度考虑,100 m^(2)是较合适的开窗面积.The herbaceous layer is sensitive to environmental change;it can rapidly reflect the impact of reconstruction in inefficient Cupressus funebris plantations to effectively improve their ecological service function and forest quality.In this study,inefficient Cupressus funebris plantations in the hilly area of central Sichuan were selected for research,and the herbaceous layer plant diversity and niche change pattern of different area forest gaps after one year of gap reconstruction were analyzed using three different forest gap scales(50 m^(2),100 m^(2),and 200 m^(2)).The results showed that in comparison with the control(CK),the Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index,and richness index of herbaceous plants in the forest land increased significantly after gap reconstruction(P<0.05),and reached the optimum within the 100 m^(2) forest gap.With the increase in the forest gap area(from 50 m^(2) to 200 m^(2)),the changes in different indexes differed and the Pielou index continued to increase.The Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index both increased first and then stabilized,while richness index stabilized first and then decreased,and 100 m^(2) was the dividing point for the change trend.The niche breadth of shade-requiring plants such as Ficus tikoua was the largest before the gap reconstruction,and the ability of regeneration species,such as Miscanthus floridulus,to adapt to the environment and use resources was stronger after the gap reconstruction,and the niche breadth continuously widened.With the increase in forest gap area(from 50 m^(2) to 200 m^(2)),the whole herbaceous community in the forest presented a positive neutral succession pattern.Because of the short gap reconstruction time,the regeneration species were still in the resource utilization and expansion stage.The niche overlap of each treatment was low(<0.1),the niche differentiation difference was large,the interspecific competition was small,and the change rule between niche breadth and niche overlap was not obvious.The overall niche differentiation of th

关 键 词：柏木 低效人工林 开窗 草本植物多样性 生态位 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]