野生大熊猫与放牧家畜采食竹子行为的比较  

Comparison of the bamboo-grazing behavior of giant pandas and livestock

作　　者：周世强 张晋东[5,6] Vanessa Hull 黄金燕 刘巅 谢浩 邹晓艳 张和民 ZHOU Shiqiang;ZHANG Jindong;Vanessa Hull;HUANG Jinyan;LIU Dian;XIE Hao;ZOU Xiaoyan;ZHANG Hemin(China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda,Dujiangyan 611830,China;Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology for Rare Animals of the Giant Panda State Park,Dujiangyan 611830,China;Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base,Dujiangyan 611830,China;Minshan Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base,Dujiangyan 611830,China;China West Normal University,Nanchong 637002,China;Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of Ministry of Education,Nanchong 637002,China;Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation,University of Florida,Gainesville 32611,USA;Wolong National Nature Reserve,Wenchuan 623006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国大熊猫保护研究中心,都江堰611830 [2]大熊猫国家公园珍稀动物保护生物学国家林业和草原局重点实验室,都江堰611830 [3]邛崃山濒危野生动植物保护生物学国家长期科研基地,都江堰611830 [4]岷山濒危野生动植物保护生物学国家长期科研基地,都江堰611830 [5]西华师范大学,南充637002 [6]西南野生动植物资源保护教育部国家重点实验室,南充637002 [7]Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation,University of Florida Gainesville 326118 [8]四川卧龙国家级自然保护区,汶川623006

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2021年第5期1203-1209,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家林业和草原局大熊猫国际合作基金项目(SD0631);香港海洋公园保育基金项目(GP09_12/13);中国大熊猫保护研究中心2018“科研年”项目(CCRCG181928)资助。

摘　　要：为揭示放牧家畜对大熊猫竹子资源及其栖息地影响的生态机制,利用样线法和样方法所调查的数据分析卧龙国家级自然保护区内野生大熊猫与放牧家畜的采食竹子行为(食物选择、资源采食率)特征.结果显示,野生大熊猫的觅食策略不仅具有季节性迁徙习性,而且选择采食不同的竹子种类、竹子龄级和竹子器官;放牧家畜仅取食放养区域的竹子资源,并以竹林层的枝叶为主要觅食对象;进而导致大熊猫与放牧家畜对竹子资源的不同采食强度,放牧家畜与野生大熊猫的竹子采食率之间具有极显著的差异性(P<0.001).放牧家畜与野生大熊猫的觅食行为虽在竹种、龄级和竹子器官选择方面都存在明显的差异(P<0.05),但由于放牧家畜主要采食竹子的枝叶,影响了竹子的光合作用效率,导致大熊猫主食竹的生长发育迟缓和自然更新力低甚至干枯死亡,进而严重降低了竹子资源的质量.因此严禁在大熊猫栖息地内放牧家畜是对该物种有效保护的重要举措,调整农村社区的产业结构无疑成为自然保护与社区发展相协调的有效途径.This study analyzed the characteristics of the bamboo grazing behaviors(food selection,resource intake rate)of wild giant pandas and livestock in Wolong National Nature Reserve to reveal the ecological mechanism of the impact of grazing livestock on giant panda bamboo resources and habitats.The study was analyzed using data from line transect surveys and the sample plot method.The results showed that wild giant panda foraging strategy not only had seasonal migratory characteristics,but also that these animals chose to feed on different species,age classes,and organs of the bamboo plant.However,livestock fed only on bamboo resources in the free-range area,and the branches and leaves of bamboo forest were the main foraging targets.This led to the giant pandas and livestock having different bamboo resource feeding intensities.Statistics showed that the feeding rates of grazing livestock and wild giant pandas were significantly different(P<0.001).This study shows that although livestock and giant pandas display foraging behaviors with regard to bamboo species,there are clear differences caused by how these groups select bamboo in certain age classes and prefer particular organs,but because livestock feed mainly on bamboo branches and leaves,the photosynthetic efficiency of the bamboo was affected.This in turn led to a decrease in the growth of the pandas’staple food,which have a low natural regeneration ability and can even die dry,thereby severely reducing the quality of bamboo resources available.Therefore,prohibiting grazing of livestock in giant panda habitat is an important measure to effectively conserve this species.The adjustment of the industrial structure of rural communities could definitely become an effective way to coordinate the protection of nature and development of communities.

关 键 词：大熊猫 放牧家畜 觅食策略 采食率 卧龙国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]