酱酒丢糟沼气发酵特性及微生物群落特征  

Anaerobic digestion characteristics and microbial community of Maotaiflavor stillage biogas fermentation

作　　者：谢彤彤 孙晓娇 吴凯旋 迟明妹 张培玉 邱艳玲 XIE Tongtong;SUN Xiaojiao;WU Kaixuan;CHI Mingmei;ZHANG Peiyu;QIU Yanling(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学环境科学与工程学院,青岛266071

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2021年第5期1311-1317,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51878363);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019MEE028);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2020BBF03008)资助。

摘　　要：酒糟是良好的沼气发酵原料,但其发酵中间产物极易累积导致体系酸化.采用批次试验研究中温条件下酱酒丢糟沼气发酵特性.以总固体(TS)含率分别为4.3%和7.8%的酱香白酒丢糟为发酵原料,在发酵30 d和50 d时,甲烷产量分别为287 mL/g TS和360 mL/g TS;TS去除率分别为20.8%和27.4%.酱酒糟发酵过程中主要的中间代谢产物有乙酸、丙酸和丁酸等挥发性有机酸;此外,还检测出芳香族化合物有苯酚、对甲酚、苯甲酸和苯丙酸;其中丙酸在酒糟降解过程中明显累积(2894-4495 mg/L),推测丙酸累积为影响反应器稳定运行的重要因素.利用高通量测序技术对两组中温厌氧酒糟驯化培养系JO和JN进行解析.细菌结果表明,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、互养菌门(Synergistetes)和阴沟单胞菌门“Cloacimonetes”(WWE1)为主要的优势菌群.WWE1中未培养W5属和W27属在酒糟厌氧消化系统中占比为13.8%-30.67%.古菌解析检测到乙酸营养型产甲烷菌Methanosarcina mazei及氢营养型产甲烷菌Methanofollis ethanolicus近缘微生物为优势古菌.本研究表明丙酸累积是影响酱酒丢糟沼气发酵稳定性的重要因素,WWE1中未培养微生物在酒糟厌氧发酵体系中发挥重要作用.Vinasse is easy to acidify and produces many volatile organic acids(VFAs),which are good fermentation materials for biogas production.Batch experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of anaerobic digestion with vinasse.Culture and molecular techniques were used to explore microbial diversity.Maotai-flavor stillage with solid concentrations of 4.3%and 7.8%was used as the sole carbon source.Within 30 days and 50 days of fermentation,the cumulative biogas yields were 287 mL/g TS and 360 mL/g TS,and the total solids(TS)removal rates were 20.8%and 27.4%,respectively.During the anaerobic digestion of stillage,acetate,propionate,and butyrate were detected as the main intermediate metabolites.Aromatic compounds such as p-cresol,phenylpropionate,phenol,and benzoate were also detected as transient intermediates.Propionate accumulated significantly during the degradation of distillers’grains(2894-4495 mg/L),suggesting that propionate accumulation has become an important factor restricting the stable operation of anaerobic reactors.Bacterial and archaeal community structures were investigated using 16S rRNA gene-based highthroughput sequencing technology.Results showed that the phyla Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Synergistetes,and Candidatus“Cloacimonetes”(WWE1)were the most frequently detected.WWE1 members of the W5 and W27 genera accounted for 13.8%-30.67%.Methanosarcina mazei,an acetate-trophic methanogen,and Methanofollis ethanolicus,a hydrogen-trophic methanogen,are dominant archaea that play essential roles in methanogenesis.Results demonstrated propionate accumulation has become an important factor restricting the stable operation of anaerobic reactors,and WWE1 uncultured microbes play an important role in the anaerobic digestion of Maotai-flavor stillage.

关 键 词：酱香白酒丢糟 厌氧发酵 WWE1 中间代谢产物 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]