深空环境轻质防热材料烧蚀性能研究  

Research on Ablation Properties of Light Thermal Protection Materials in Deep Space

作　　者：梁馨[1] 方洲[1] 程雷[1] 罗丽娟[1] 贺朝晖 吴永智[1] LIANG Xin;FANG Zhou;CHENG Lei;LUO Lijuan;HE Zhaohui;WU Yongzhi(Aerospace Research Institute of Material&Processing Technology,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]航天材料及工艺研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《深空探测学报（中英文）》2021年第5期467-471,共5页Journal Of Deep Space Exploration

摘　　要：针对轻质防热材料在深空环境中较高热流的耐烧蚀问题,采用6000 kW/m^(2)电弧风洞试验对自行研制的蜂窝增强轻质防热材料A(密度0.48 g/cm^(3))的烧蚀性能进行了研究,对烧蚀后材料内部的密度变化进行了分析,同时计算并分析了防热材料的热应力。结果表明:材料A烧蚀后碳层完整,其碳层的微观形貌可见明显的空心填料破损且基本不见树脂基体,材料中的组分发生相互反应,烧蚀表面生成SiC晶体,促进烧蚀带走热量,且提高碳层强度和抵抗氧化的作用;材料A的热解层厚度很小,说明具有良好的隔热性能;材料A的蜂窝结构可有效降低材料热应力。本研究对深空探测材料的可靠性评估具有重要意义。In light of light thermal protection materials’anti-ablation difficulty in deep space with higher heat flux,the ablation properties of light thermal protection material A enhanced by honeycomb(self-developed with a density of 0.48 g/cm^(3))was researched by arc-heated wind tunnel test(with a heat density of 6000 kW/m^(2)).The density change analysis of the material after ablation was done along the depth direction.The thermal stress of material A was calculated and analyzed.Research results show that the carbonization layer is complete after ablation;it can be clearly seen from the micro graph of the carbonization layer that hollow fillers are broken and the resin matrix cannot be seen;the components of the material react with each other and SiC crystal is generated on the surface of material A,which boosts heat consuming in the processing of ablation and improves the carbonization layer strength and retards oxization.The thickness of pyrolysis layer is thin,which shows that the light thermal protection material has excellent insulation performance.The honeycomb structure of material A can effectively reduce the thermal stress of the material.This research has great significance for the reliability assessment of thermal protection materials in deep space exploration.

关 键 词：防热材料 烧蚀 碳化层 轻质 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]